A terrestrial palynological record for the last two glacial cycles from southwestern New Zealand

Newnham, Rewi M.; Vandergoes, Marcus J.; Hendy, Chris H.; Lowe, David J.; Preusser, Frank

doi:10.1016/j.quascirev.2006.05.005

Cited by 73 publications

(128 citation statements)

References 69 publications

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“…Newnham and Lowe, 2000;Pahnke et al, 2003;McGlone et al, 2004;Pahnke and Zahn, 2005;Vandergoes et al, 2005;Williams et al, 2005;Newnham et al, 2007b;Fig. 5).…”

Section: Lateglacial Cooling In the Southern Alps New Zealandunclassified

Cooling and changing seasonality in the Southern Alps, New Zealand during the Antarctic Cold Reversal

Vandergoes

Dieffenbacher-Krall

Newnham

et al. 2008

Quaternary Science Reviews

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A comprehensively 14 C AMS dated pollen and chironomid record from Boundary Stream Tarn provides the first chironomid-derived temperature reconstruction to quantify temperature change during Lateglacial times (17,500-10,000 cal yr BP) in the Southern Alps, New Zealand. The records indicate a ca 1000-year disruption to the Lateglacial warming trend and an overall cooling consistent with the Antarctic Cold Reversal (ACR). The main interval of chironomid-inferred summer temperature depression ($2-3 1C) lasted about 700 years during the ACR. Following this cooling event, both proxies indicate a warming step to temperatures slightly cooler than present during the Younger Dryas chronozone (12,900-11,500 cal yr BP). These results highlight a direct linkage between Antarctica and midlatitude terrestrial climate systems and the largely asynchronous nature of the interhemispheric climate system during the last glacial transition. The greater magnitude of temperature changes shown by the chironomid record is attributed to the response of the proxies to differences in seasonal climate with chironomids reflecting summer temperature and vegetation more strongly controlled by duration of winter or by minimum temperatures. These differences imply stronger seasonality at times during the Lateglacial, which may explain some of the variability between other paleoclimate records from New Zealand and have wider implications for understanding differences between proxy records for abrupt climate change. r

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“…Newnham and Lowe, 2000;Pahnke et al, 2003;McGlone et al, 2004;Pahnke and Zahn, 2005;Vandergoes et al, 2005;Williams et al, 2005;Newnham et al, 2007b;Fig. 5).…”

Section: Lateglacial Cooling In the Southern Alps New Zealandunclassified

Cooling and changing seasonality in the Southern Alps, New Zealand during the Antarctic Cold Reversal

Vandergoes

Dieffenbacher-Krall

Newnham

et al. 2008

Quaternary Science Reviews

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“…From this time onward, relative sea level reconstructions indicate a steady increase in global ice volume, until most ice sheets had reached a near-maximum extent by 26.5 ka, followed by 6-7 ky of equilibrium conditions until the onset of final retreat around 20-19 ka (9). For the midlatitude SH, specifically New Zealand (NZ), paleoecologic data (10), supported by dated glaciofluvial aggradation sequences (11), have also suggested an onset of mountain glacier growth around 30-28 ka (12). Contrary to NH ice volume trends, however, recent records from NZ may indicate that maximum glaciation in the Southern Alps occurred before 28 ka, several thousand years before the NH ice maximum (13)(14)(15).…”

mentioning

confidence: 98%

The early rise and late demise of New Zealand’s last glacial maximum

Rother

Fink

Shulmeister

et al. 2014

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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Significance We present here a comprehensive record of glaciation from a New Zealand valley glacier system covering the critical 15,000-y period from the local last glacial maximum (LGM) to near the end of the last ice age. This record from a key site in the midlatitude Southern Hemisphere shows that the largest glacial advance did not coincide with the coldest temperatures during this phase. We also show that the regional post-LGM ice retreat was very gradual, contrary to the rapid ice collapse widely inferred. This demonstrates that glacial records from New Zealand are neither synchronous with nor simply lag or lead Northern Hemisphere ice sheet records, which has important implications for the reconstruction of past interhemispheric climate linkages and mechanisms.

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“…Conifer-angiosperm forest spread in the central and northern North Island from 17 to 14 ka replacing previous forest-scrub-grassland mosaics (Figures 4-6). For instance, lowland forest expanded in the Auckland Isthmus between 15.5 and 14 ka (Sandiford et al, 2002(Sandiford et al, , 2003Newnham et al, 2007;Augustinus et al, 2011); at Kaipo Lagoon in the montane North Island, 16.5-14 ka (Newnham and Lowe, 2000), in lowland Taranaki at 15 ka (McGlone and Neall, 1994); and at Lake Rotoaira on the montane central Volcanic Plateau 16.5-15 ka Topping, 1977, 1983).…”

Section: Last Glacial Maximummentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Cass Basin, Kettlehole Tarn, inland Canterbury . Okarito bog, central West Coast (Newnham et al, 2007).…”

Section: The Holocenementioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the driest areas of the southeastern South Island, conifer-broadleaved forest coexisted with patches of grassland and shrubland (McGlone, 2001b;Walker et al, 2004a;Rogers et al, 2005). It was only on the wet, western flanks of the Southern Alps (where Dacrydium cupressinum was abundant; Newnham et al, 2007) and Northland (where Fuscospora was abundant) that this classic tall dryland conifer forest failed to establish.…”

Section: Conifers and Drylandsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Palynology and the Ecology of the New Zealand Conifers

et al. 2017

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The New Zealand conifers (20 species of trees and shrubs in the Araucariaceae, Podocarpaceae, and Cupressaceae) are often regarded as ancient Gondwanan elements, but mostly originated much later. Often thought of as tall trees of humid, warm forests, they are present throughout in alpine shrublands, tree lines, bogs, swamps, and in dry, frost-prone regions. The tall conifers rarely form purely coniferous forest and mostly occur as an emergent stratum above evergreen angiosperm trees. During Maori settlement in the thirteenth century, fire-sensitive trees succumbed rapidly, most of the drier forests being lost. As these were also the more conifer-rich forests, ecological research has been skewed toward conifer dynamics of forests wetter and cooler than the pre-human norm. Conifers are well represented in the pollen record and we here we review their late Quaternary history in the light of what is known about their current ecology with the intention of countering this bias. During glacial episodes, all trees were scarce south of c. 40 • S, and extensive conifer-dominant forest was confined to the northern third of the North Island. Drought-and cold-resistant Halocarpus bidwillii and Phyllocladus alpinus formed widespread scrub in the south. During the deglacial, beginning 18,000 years ago, tall conifers underwent explosive spread to dominate the forest biomass throughout. Conifer dominance lessened in favor of angiosperms in the wetter western lowland forests over the Holocene but the dryland eastern forests persisted largely unchanged until settlement. Mid to late Holocene climate change favored the more rapidly growing Nothofagaceae which replaced the previous conifer-angiosperm low forest or shrubland in tree line ecotones and montane areas. The key to this dynamic conifer history appears to be their bimodal ability to withstand stress, and dominate on poor soils and in cool, dry regions but, in wetter, warmer locations, to slowly grow thorough competing broadleaves to occupy an exposed, emergent stratum where their inherent stress resistance ensures little effective angiosperm competition.

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A terrestrial palynological record for the last two glacial cycles from southwestern New Zealand

Cited by 73 publications

References 69 publications

Cooling and changing seasonality in the Southern Alps, New Zealand during the Antarctic Cold Reversal

Cooling and changing seasonality in the Southern Alps, New Zealand during the Antarctic Cold Reversal

The early rise and late demise of New Zealand’s last glacial maximum

Palynology and the Ecology of the New Zealand Conifers

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