A terrestrial observatory approach to the integrated investigation of the effects of deforestation on water, energy, and matter fluxes

Bogena, Heye; Bol, Roland; Borchard, Nils; Brüggemann, Nicolas; Diekkrüger, Bernd; Drüe, Clemens; Groh, Jannis; Gottselig, Nina; Huisman, Johan Alexander; Lücke, Andreas; Missong, Anna; Neuwirth, Burkhard; Pütz, Thomas; Schmidt, Marius; Stockinger, Michael; Tappe, Wolfgang; Weihermüller, Lutz; Wiekenkamp, Inge; Vereecken, Harry

doi:10.1007/s11430-014-4911-7

Cited by 56 publications

(87 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…It is however important to emphasise that distributed sensor networks are not necessarily needed to be co-located with the CRNS for operational purposes, including calibration. The combined use of CRNS and sensor networks has been essential for understanding and improving this technology (Franz et al, 2013b;Rosolem et al, 2014;Bogena et al, 2013;Baatz et al, 2014). Despite having slightly different uncertainties compared to gravimetric/volumetric soil samples obtained in the field, in situ sensors have been already successfully used in previous studies for comparison of CRNS and smallerscale soil moisture sensors Bogena et al, 2013;Baatz et al, 2014).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Bogena et al (2013) introduced some changes to the N 0 method by taking into consideration dry soil bulk density to calculate the volumetric water content, and adding lattice water and soil organic matter water equivalent (Eq. 1):…”

Section: Modified N 0 Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The in situ sensor network (SoilNet, Qu et al, 2013Qu et al, , 2014 consisted of 83 profiles with soil moisture sensors (SPADE soil water content probes, sceme.de GmbH i.G., Horn-Bad Meinberg, Germany; Hübner et al, 2009) installed at 5, 20, and 50 cm depth (with ∼ 15 % of missing data). While the sensor profiles at SR were positioned such that all had equal weights, this was not the case at RB, where we calculated horizontal average daily soil moisture contents by assigning weights to the sensor profiles representing their distance to the CRS, as described in Bogena et al (2013).…”

Section: Rollesbroich (Rb)mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Although a number of investigations have used single calibration points from measured soil moisture profiles for each of the three methods (Rivera Villarreyes et al, 2011;Zreda et al, 2012;Franz et al, 2013c;Bogena et al, 2013;Baatz et al, 2014), to our record, there has been no previous study on whether this is feasible for each of these three methods at distinct sites. The fact that hydrogen pools (e.g.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Investigating temporal field sampling strategies for site-specific calibration of three soil moisture–neutron intensity parameterisation methods

Iwema

Rosolem

Baatz³

et al. 2015

Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci.

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Abstract. The Cosmic-Ray Neutron Sensor (CRNS) can provide soil moisture information at scales relevant to hydrometeorological modelling applications. Site-specific calibration is needed to translate CRNS neutron intensities into sensor footprint average soil moisture contents. We investigated temporal sampling strategies for calibration of three CRNS parameterisations (modified N 0 , HMF, and COSMIC) by assessing the effects of the number of sampling days and soil wetness conditions on the performance of the calibration results while investigating actual neutron intensity measurements, for three sites with distinct climate and land use: a semi-arid site, a temperate grassland, and a temperate forest. When calibrated with 1 year of data, both COSMIC and the modified N 0 method performed better than HMF. The performance of COSMIC was remarkably good at the semiarid site in the USA, while the N 0mod performed best at the two temperate sites in Germany. The successful performance of COSMIC at all three sites can be attributed to the benefits of explicitly resolving individual soil layers (which is not accounted for in the other two parameterisations). To better calibrate these parameterisations, we recommend in situ soil sampled to be collected on more than a single day. However, little improvement is observed for sampling on more than 6 days. At the semi-arid site, the N 0mod method was calibrated better under site-specific average wetness conditions, whereas HMF and COSMIC were calibrated better under drier conditions. Average soil wetness condition gave better calibration results at the two humid sites. The calibration results for the HMF method were better when calibrated with combinations of days with similar soil wetness conditions, opposed to N 0mod and COSMIC, which profited from using days with distinct wetness conditions. Errors in actual neutron intensities were translated to average errors specifically to each site. At the semi-arid site, these errors were below the typical measurement uncertainties from in situ point-scale sensors and satellite remote sensing products. Nevertheless, at the two humid sites, reduction in uncertainty with increasing sampling days only reached typical errors associated with satellite remote sensing products. The outcomes of this study can be used by researchers as a CRNS calibration strategy guideline.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Modified N 0 Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Rollesbroich (Rb)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Investigating temporal field sampling strategies for site-specific calibration of three soil moisture–neutron intensity parameterisation methods

Iwema

Rosolem

Baatz³

et al. 2015

Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci.

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“…Simultaneously, the observation and information systems have been highly integrated, which provides a solid foundation for establishing a research platform to foster watershed science. Bogena et al (2015) introduced the Eifel National Park integrated observatory in Germany, within the terrestrial network of observation (TERENO). The TERENO is to foster the understanding of water, energy, and matter fluxes and their biological and physical drivers within the river basins.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Watershed science: Bridging new advances in hydrological science with good management of river basins

Zhang

2015

Sci. China Earth Sci.

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Watershed science: Bridging new advances in hydrological science with good management of river basinsWatershed science traditionally refers to the themes of hydrology and water resource management. Watershed science has been experiencing a rapid evolution that thrives on a forceful superimposition of multi-discipline and innovative earth observing and information techniques. The water and its interactions with other systems in a watershed is increasingly becoming a focus in scientific communities, and several new disciplines such as ecohydrology, ecoeconomics, environmental hydrogeology and hydroinformatics have emerged in recent years. From a water-soil-air-plant-human perspective, an integrated study should be implemented regarding a basin in its totality; this new science is called watershed science (Cheng et al., 2014).This Special Topic on SCIENCE CHINA Earth Sciences provides a forum to discuss watershed science. Seven papers that are contributed from leading scientists working in the forefront of watershed science are presented. These scientists are from China, the USA, Japan, the United Kingdom and Germany. Although the number of the papers is relatively small, these papers cover the main fields and foundations of watershed science. To an extent, the special issue represents the epitome of watershed science.Integrated modeling is always at the core of watershed science. This method synthesizes formal knowledge regarding our understanding of complex watershed processes. In this special issue, we are pleased to have Professor Keith Beven, one of the most influential hydrologists contribute his new results on hyper-resolution hydrological modeling (Beven et al., 2015). The earth system model, with resolution less than 1 km, can be called the hyperresolution model. However, Beven and his colleagues argue that the hyperresolution model not only means the finer grids in the model, but also means finer and more reliable parameterizations to improve the accuracy and sensitivity of the model. Otherwise, the model will be lost in hyperresolution ignorance.Two modeling works in the Heihe River Basin (HRB), well known as a representative arid region inland river basins in China (Cheng et al., 2014), are also published in this special issue. Yang et al. (2015) introduced their distributed scheme developed for ecohydrological modeling in the upstream areas of the HRB. Yao et al. (2015) established a numerical model of regional groundwater flow in the mid-and downstream areas of the HRB in which the oases and vegetation along the Heihe river corridor are highly dependent on groundwater.The improvements of observational technologies and infrastructure for observing hydrological and ecological processes at the watershed scale reflect another aspect of the progress in watershed science. DeBeer et al. (2015) introduced the Changing Cold Regions Network (CCRN). The CCRN is a Canadian research consortium dedicated to understanding, diagnosing and predicting interactions amongst the cryospheric, ecological, hydrological, and ...

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Spatiotemporal relations between water budget components and soil water content in a forested tributary catchment

Graf

Bogena

Drüe

et al. 2014

Water Resources Research

105

113

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We examined 3 years of measured daily values of all major water budget components (precipitation P, potential evapotranspiration PET, actual evapotranspiration ET, and runoff R) and volumetric soil water content h of a small, forested catchment located in the west of Germany. The spatial distribution of h was determined from a wireless sensor network of 109 points with 3 measurement depths each; ET was calculated from eddy-covariance tower measurements. The water budget was dominantly energy limited, with ET amounting to approximately 90% of PET, and a runoff ratio R/P of 56%. P, ET, and R closed the long-term water budget with a residual of 2% of precipitation. On the daily time scale, the residual of the water budget was larger than on the annual time scale, and explained to a moderate extent by h (R 2 5 0.40). Wavelet analysis revealed subweekly time scales, presumably dominated by unaccounted fast-turnover storage terms such as interception, as a major source of uncertainty in water balance closure. At weekly resolution, soil water content explained more than half (R 2 5 0.62) of the residual. By means of combined empirical orthogonal function and cluster analysis, two slightly different spatial patterns of h could be identified that were associated with mean h values below and above 0.35 cm 3 /cm 3 , respectively. The timing of these patterns as well as the varying coherence between PET, ET, and soil water content responded to changes in water availability, including a moderate response to the European drought in spring 2011.

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A terrestrial observatory approach to the integrated investigation of the effects of deforestation on water, energy, and matter fluxes

Cited by 56 publications

References 41 publications

Investigating temporal field sampling strategies for site-specific calibration of three soil moisture–neutron intensity parameterisation methods

Investigating temporal field sampling strategies for site-specific calibration of three soil moisture–neutron intensity parameterisation methods

Watershed science: Bridging new advances in hydrological science with good management of river basins

Spatiotemporal relations between water budget components and soil water content in a forested tributary catchment

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