A ternary g-C 3 N 4 /Pt/ZnO photoanode for efficient photoelectrochemical water splitting

Xiao, Jingran; Zhang, Xiaoli; Li, Yongdan

doi:10.1016/j.ijhydene.2015.05.122

Cited by 93 publications

(38 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…After modifying the g‐C 3 N 4 system with Ni‐NiO nanoparticles, the XRD peaks were clearly noticed at 37.2°, 43.4°, 44.7°, 52.0°, and 63.0° that could be assigned to the (111), (200), (111), (200), and (220) respectively, to the crystal planes of Ni and NiO. However, the pattern of g‐C 3 N 4 is nonobservable due to the low crystallinity . Further, the typical peak of WO 3 with g‐C 3 N 4 @Ni‐NiO coated on TC was observed at 23.3 & 33.5°, 24.4 & 34.5°, and 26.6°, indicating the orthorhombic (001) & (201), cubic (200) & (220), and graphite‐like (002) diffraction plane of WO 3 and TC, respectively.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

NiWO₃ Nanoparticles Grown on Graphitic Carbon Nitride (g‐C₃N₄) Supported Toray Carbon as an Efficient Bifunctional Electrocatalyst for Oxygen and Hydrogen Evolution Reactions

Kumar

Murugesan

Vivek

et al. 2017

Part & Part Syst Charact

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Catalysts for oxygen evolution reaction (OER) and hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) are at the heart of water oxidation reactions. Despite continuous efforts, the development of OER/HER electrocatalysts with high activity at low cost remains a big challenge. Herein, a composite material consisting of TC@WO3@g‐C3N4@Ni‐NiO complex matrix as a bifunctional electrocatalyst for the OER and HER is described. Though the catalyst has modest activity for HER, it exhibits high OER activity thereby making it a better nonprecious electrocatalyst for both OER and HER and is further improved by g‐C3N4. The catalytic activity arises from the synergetic effects between WO3, Ni‐NiO, and g‐C3N4. A Ni‐NiO alloy and WO3 nanoparticles decorated on the g‐C3N4 surface supported toray carbon (TC) matrix (TC@WO3@g‐C3N4@Ni‐NiO) by a facile route that show an excellent and durable bifunctional catalytic activity for OER and HER in the alkaline medium are developed. This carbon nitride with binary metal/metal‐oxide matrix supported with TC exhibit an overpotential of 0.385 and 0.535 V versus RHE at a current density of 10 mA cm−2 (Tafel slopes of 0.057 and 0.246 V dec−1 for OER and HER, respectively), in 0.1 m NaOH . The catalyst is tested in water electrolysis for 17 h.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

NiWO₃ Nanoparticles Grown on Graphitic Carbon Nitride (g‐C₃N₄) Supported Toray Carbon as an Efficient Bifunctional Electrocatalyst for Oxygen and Hydrogen Evolution Reactions

Kumar

Murugesan

Vivek

et al. 2017

Part & Part Syst Charact

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“…In a typical PEC, the photoanode is composed of a light harvester attached to a wide band gap semiconductor (i.e., TiO 2 , ZnO) that serves as electrons acceptor layer while the holes are transferred to the counter electrode through the electrolyte solution. [18][19][20][21][22] The PEC operation is considered to be more complicated compared to the photocatalysis process due be extracted by the redox electrolyte (path 3). [4,5] Particularly, in the photoanode, excited states electrons of the light harvester must be injected into the conduction band of a wide band gap semiconductor prior their self-recombination (either radiatively or nonradiatively).…”

Section: Doi: 101002/admi201600265mentioning

confidence: 99%

Toward Efficient Carbon Nitride Photoelectrochemical Cells: Understanding Charge Transfer Processes

Albero

Barea

et al. 2016

Adv Materials Inter

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to the necessity to establish a direct contact between the active materials (C 3 N 4 ) and the wide band gap semiconductor and the need of interparticle charge migration to the electrode. [23][24][25] Lately, we have succeeded to sensitize TiO 2 with C 3 N 4 by in situ deposition method that resulted in the formation of direct chemical bond between the TiO 2 and the C 3 N 4 . The intimate contact between TiO 2 and C 3 N 4 led to the absorption extension to longer wavelengths due to creation of new energy transfer paths between the materials. Moreover, the TiO 2 /C 3 N 4 system exhibited promising photocurrent densities in the presence of polysulfide as the redox electrolyte. [26] However, in comparison to the theoretical current densities the performances of this system are still low. In order to improve the cell performance, the understanding of the charge transfer reactions that limit the PEC efficiency, especially in the photoanode, is highly desired.Herein, we studied the charge recombination process between C 3 N 4 and mesoporous TiO 2 in a photoelectrode configuration using laser transient absorption spectroscopy (L-TAS). In addition, we determined the electron injection rate from the C 3 N 4 excited states to the TiO 2 conduction band by steady state and time resolved photoluminescence. Finally, the hole extraction kinetics using various liquid electrolytes and solid state hole conductors were also studied in detail. Our measurements indicate that the photoexcited electrons from C 3 N 4 can be efficiently injected to the TiO 2 conduction band, the recombination between electrons and holes from the TiO 2 conduction band and the C 3 N 4 valence band, respectively, is found to be relatively slow, thus allowing long-live charge separation. However, the hole transfer to the electrolyte was found to be the limiting process during the PEC operation. This understanding of the processes taking place within C 3 N 4 /TiO 2 photoanode can lead to the efficient C 3 N 4 -based PEC cells and photovoltaics solar cell via rational selection of hole conductor and smart electrode design.The C 3 N 4 electrodes were prepared according to our previous report. [26] Briefly, the C 3 N 4 was deposited onto mesoporous TiO 2 (which was grown on FTO glass) and nonconductive glass, respectively, by using cyanuric acid-melamine (CM) supramolecular complex as the precursor. The CM precursor was placed on top of TiO 2 electrodes or glass, totally covering the substrates and afterward the system was heated to 550 °C under nitrogen atmosphere (see also Figures S1 and S2, Supporting Information). After that the electrodes were fully characterized by a range of techniques. [26]

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“…Therefore, in the present case of composite material, a stepwise transfer of electrons from photoexcited g-C 3 N 4 into CB of ZnO, and ZnO CB to GO has occurred based on the work function of the materials (Scheme 2). This process isolates active electrons and holes and, hence, decreases the electron-hole pair recombination and increase the lifespan[47][48][49]. These phenomena directly result in an intense emission quenching as revealed by the PL results inFig. ]…”

mentioning

confidence: 97%

“…The excited electrons in the CB come back to the VB via a certain course to recombine with the holes. During the recombination process of photo-induced charge carriers, the light energy released can be dissipated as radiation, which results in a PL emission intensity[47][48][49]. Thus, the lower the recombination rate of photo-induced electron-hole pairs, the lower the PL intensity.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Enhanced visible light-driven photocatalytic performance of ZnO–g-C3N4 coupled with graphene oxide as a novel ternary nanocomposite

Selvam

2015

Journal of Hazardous Materials

210

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A ternary g-C 3 N 4 /Pt/ZnO photoanode for efficient photoelectrochemical water splitting

Cited by 93 publications

References 33 publications

NiWO₃ Nanoparticles Grown on Graphitic Carbon Nitride (g‐C₃N₄) Supported Toray Carbon as an Efficient Bifunctional Electrocatalyst for Oxygen and Hydrogen Evolution Reactions

NiWO₃ Nanoparticles Grown on Graphitic Carbon Nitride (g‐C₃N₄) Supported Toray Carbon as an Efficient Bifunctional Electrocatalyst for Oxygen and Hydrogen Evolution Reactions

Toward Efficient Carbon Nitride Photoelectrochemical Cells: Understanding Charge Transfer Processes

Enhanced visible light-driven photocatalytic performance of ZnO–g-C3N4 coupled with graphene oxide as a novel ternary nanocomposite

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A ternary g-C 3 N 4 /Pt/ZnO photoanode for efficient photoelectrochemical water splitting

Cited by 93 publications

References 33 publications

NiWO3 Nanoparticles Grown on Graphitic Carbon Nitride (g‐C3N4) Supported Toray Carbon as an Efficient Bifunctional Electrocatalyst for Oxygen and Hydrogen Evolution Reactions

NiWO3 Nanoparticles Grown on Graphitic Carbon Nitride (g‐C3N4) Supported Toray Carbon as an Efficient Bifunctional Electrocatalyst for Oxygen and Hydrogen Evolution Reactions

Toward Efficient Carbon Nitride Photoelectrochemical Cells: Understanding Charge Transfer Processes

Enhanced visible light-driven photocatalytic performance of ZnO–g-C3N4 coupled with graphene oxide as a novel ternary nanocomposite

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Product

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NiWO₃ Nanoparticles Grown on Graphitic Carbon Nitride (g‐C₃N₄) Supported Toray Carbon as an Efficient Bifunctional Electrocatalyst for Oxygen and Hydrogen Evolution Reactions

NiWO₃ Nanoparticles Grown on Graphitic Carbon Nitride (g‐C₃N₄) Supported Toray Carbon as an Efficient Bifunctional Electrocatalyst for Oxygen and Hydrogen Evolution Reactions