A tentative list of tsunamis in the marginal seas of the North Indian Ocean

Murty, T. S.; Rafiq, Meena

doi:10.1007/bf00126560

Cited by 64 publications

(38 citation statements)

References 1 publication

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“…Unfortunately Hodivala omitted its coordinates from his account, and since we have no definitive location and only one observation, the assignation of coordinates or a magnitude is conjectural, yet several authors have felt compelled to provide both, with magnitudes in the range 7 < Mw < 7.6, and coordinates accurate to 10 km. Some authors have even seen fit to invent a tsunami as the cause for damage to Samawani (Murty and Rafiq (1991)). The fictitious location assigned to this damaging earthquake is the lower Indus Delta west of Karachi, whereas its probable location in ancient Nasarpur province places it NE of Hyderabad more than 100 km inland.…”

Section: Sindh: An Unquantifiable Earthquakementioning

confidence: 99%

The seismic future of cities

Bilham

2009

Bull Earthquake Eng

169

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The final projected doubling in Earth's population in the next half century, requires an additional 1 billion housing units, more dwellings constructed in a single generation than at any time in Earth's history. Earth's tenfold increase in population has occurred during a time that is short compared to the return time of damaging earthquakes. In the next century, therefore, earthquakes that had little impact on villages and towns, will be shaking urban agglomerations housing upwards of 12 million people. An epicentral hit on a megacity has the potential to cause 1 million fatalities. The incorporation of earthquake resistant structures in the current global building boom, despite successes in the developed nations, has been neglected in the developing nations where historically earthquake damage has been high. The reasons for this neglect are attributed to indifference, ignorance and corrupt practices, not due to an absence of engineering competence. Never has a generation of earthquake engineers been faced with such a grave responsibility to exercise their skills, both political and technical, as now.

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Section: Sindh: An Unquantifiable Earthquakementioning

confidence: 99%

The seismic future of cities

Bilham

2009

Bull Earthquake Eng

169

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“…The reported maximum wave height was 1 m, and the tsunami impacted Sri Lanka five to seven hours after the eruption (CHOI et al, 2003). It is likely Sri Lanka was affected by the tsunamis in the Bay of Bengal in 1881 (ORTIZ and BILLHAM, 2003), 1941(MURTY and RAFIQ, 1991), and 1994(SYNOLAKIS et al, 1995, but the effects of a small tsunami would not have caused any damage and thus would have been undetected. The 1994 East Java earthquake, which occurred on 3 June 1994, was recorded in tide gauges in Oman (B. Kilonsky, pers.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tide Gauge Observations of 2004–2007 Indian Ocean Tsunamis from Sri Lanka and Western Australia

Pattiaratchi

Wijeratne

2009

Pure appl. geophys.

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Tide gauge data collected from Sri Lanka (three stations) and Western Australia (eleven stations) during the Indian five tsunamis, were examined to determine tsunami behaviour during these events. During the December 2004 tsunami, maximum wave heights of 3.87 m and 1.75 m were recorded at Colombo (Sri Lanka) and Bunbury (Western Australia), respectively. The results indicated that although the relative magnitudes of the tsunamis varied, the tsunami behaviour at each station was similar. This was due to the effect of the local and regional topography. At all tide gauges, the spectral energy corresponding to periods between 20 and 85 minutes increased during the tsunami. The sea-level data obtained from the west and south coasts of Sri Lanka (Colombo and Kirinda) indicated the importance of wave reflections from the Maldives Island chain, which produced the maximum wave two to three hours after the arrival of the first wave. In contrast, Trincomalee on the east coast did not show evidence of a reflected wave. Similarly, along the west coast of Australia, the highest waves occurred 15 hours after the arrival of the first wave. Here, based on travel times, we postulated that the waves were reflected from the Mascarene Ridge and/or the Island of Madagascar. Reflected waves were not present in the 2006 tsunami, where the primary waves propagated away from topographic features. One of the main influences of the tsunami was to set up oscillations at the local resonance frequency. Because Sri Lanka and Western Australia have relatively straight coastlines, these oscillations were related to the fundamental period of the shelf oscillation. For Colombo, this corresponded to 75-minute period, whereas in Geraldton and Busselton (Australia), the four-hour period was most prominent; at Jurien Bay and Fremantle, the resonance period was 2.7 hours.

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“…The final wave parameters were calculated as the average of the methods that showed acceptable trends and values with the control values obtained from formulae that were derived based on local cyclone events (refer Narayan 2009). Storm surge levels were estimated by extrapolating available data (Jayanti, 1986in Murthy et al, 2007 for the desired return periods. The derived relationships between offshore wave parameters, surges and return period were validated against measurements in the region.…”

Section: Model Boundary Conditionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

On the Effectiveness of Mangroves in Attenuating Cyclone - Induced Waves

Narayan

Suzuki

Stive

et al. 2011

Int. Conf. Coastal. Eng.

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A study of the effectiveness of mangroves in attenuating cyclone-induced waves was done using the SWAN 40.81 numerical model. Hydraulic parameters during extreme events and local mangrove vegetation parameters were estimated for the Kanika Sands mangrove island near the upcoming Dhamra Port in Orissa, India. Simplified generic analyses were first conducted to obtain insights into the characteristics and behaviour of the model and the system. These were used to select relevant scenarios for simulations of actual conditions at the case-study site. The mangroves were found to be effective in reducing wave heights at the port behind the island though the effectiveness is limited by its geometry and distance from the port. The presence of vegetation has a marked effect though the effect of a variation in vegetation factor is limited. An optimum cross-shore width range for maximum protection was quantified.

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A tentative list of tsunamis in the marginal seas of the North Indian Ocean

Cited by 64 publications

References 1 publication

The seismic future of cities

The seismic future of cities

Tide Gauge Observations of 2004–2007 Indian Ocean Tsunamis from Sri Lanka and Western Australia

On the Effectiveness of Mangroves in Attenuating Cyclone - Induced Waves

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