A Ten-Year Study of Vegetational Changes Associated with Biological Control of Klamath Weed

Huffaker, C. B.; Kennett, C. E.

doi:10.2307/3894934

Cited by 193 publications

(99 citation statements)

References 9 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Some studies that measure the strength and variability in natural enemy effects on plant populations and communities include investigations of Hypericum perforatum (Huffaker & Kennett, 1959), Senecio jacobaea (McEvoy et al, 1991), Sesbania punicea (Hoffmann & Moran, 1998), and Salvinia molesta (Room, 1990). The norm is that most outcomes of biological weed control are poorly documented: McClay (1995) reviewed 57 published papers evaluating the effectiveness of biological weed control organisms and found that attention was generally limited to monitoring the presence and spread of the agents, with little evaluation of impact on the weed and its population dynamics.…”

Section: Evidence Of Symmetry From Biological Control Programsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The classic study of H. perforatum remains one of the best demonstrations of the effects of biocontrol organisms on weed populations and plant succession (Huffaker, 1952;Huffaker & Kennett, 1959). A leaf beetle Chrysolina quadrigemina was first imported into the United States for the control of St. Johnswort (H. perforatum) in 1946.…”

Section: Paradigms Lost Paradigms Gainedmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Insect‐plant interactions on a planet of weeds

McEvoy

2002

Entomologia Exp Applicata

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Two conflicting views confront ecologists and evolutionary biologists on the degree of symmetry in interactions between plants and phytophagous insects. The symmetrical view holds that insects and plants have strong effects on one another's evolutionary and ecological dynamics. Thus, herbivores are regarded as a major influence on plant distribution and abundance in contemporary ecosystems, and coevolution is commonly invoked to explain adaptive radiation in plants and insects, host specialization in insects, as well as much of the morphological and chemical variety observed in plants. The asymmetrical view acknowledges that plants have major effects on insects, but claims that insects seldom impose significant effects on plants. Proponents of the asymmetric view tend to ignore or discount insect-plant interactions in communities and ecosystems altered by human impacts. If we recognize the scope and scale of human impacts, and ways in which these impacts change insect-plant interactions, then our views about symmetry or asymmetry in insect-plant interactions will change. To understand, predict, and manage insect herbivory we need to study it in all its manifestations. In particular, the study of interactions involving alien species is both an urgent priority for environmental management and potentially a source of ecological insights on the role of herbivores in plant population and community dynamics. A complete theory of insect/host plant interactions must explain and predict interactions both within and beyond the native range. Such a theory might guide efforts to deal with environmental problems stemming from rapid rates of extinction and homogenization of the world's biota.

show abstract

Section: Evidence Of Symmetry From Biological Control Programsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Paradigms Lost Paradigms Gainedmentioning

confidence: 99%

Insect‐plant interactions on a planet of weeds

McEvoy

2002

Entomologia Exp Applicata

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Historically some of the most successful biological control agents for other weeds have been defoliators (Julien and Griffiths, 1999). Examples are other leaf beetles such as Chrysolina quadrigemina (Rossi) (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) that controlled St. Johnswort (Hypericum perforatum L.) in California and neighboring states (Huffaker and Kennett, 1959) and two species of Galerucella that presently are controlling purple loosestrife (Lythrum salicaria L.) at several locations (Blossey et al, 2001). The exotic elm leaf beetle, Xanthogaleruca luteola (M€ u uller) (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae), severely damages elm trees in the West (Luck and Schriven, 1976).…”

Section: Expected Results After Releasementioning

confidence: 99%

Host specificity of the leaf beetle, Diorhabda elongata deserticola (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) from Asia, a biological control agent for saltcedars (Tamarix: Tamaricaceae) in the Western United States

et al. 2003

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Four species of saltcedars, Tamarix ramosissima Ledeb., Tamarix chinensis Lour., Tamarix parviflora DC., and T. canariensis Willd. and their hybrids, are exotic, invasive small trees from Asia that cause great damage to riparian ecosystems of the western United States. They displace native plant communities, degrade wildlife habitat (including that of many endangered species), increase soil salinity and wildfires, lower water tables, reduce water available for agriculture and municipalities, and reduce recreational use of affected areas. Phytophagous insects are abundant on saltcedar in the Old World and we selected Diorhabda elongata Brull e e deserticola Chen as the top candidate biological control agent because of the great damage it causes, and its high host specificity, broad geographic range, and presumed adaptability in the United States. Literature review and our overseas surveys indicated that this insect is associated only with species of Tamarix and occasionally with Myricaria but not with Reumaria or Frankenia (all Tamaricales) in the Old World. In quarantine facilities in the United States, and overseas, we tested beetles from China and Kazakhstan on six species and three hybrids (26 accessions) of Tamarix and on 58 species of other plants, in 15 tests of different types, using 1852 adults and 3547 larvae, over 10 years. Survival from larvae to adults averaged 55-67% on the Tamarix species, 12% on Myricaria sp., and only 1.6% on the three Frankenia spp. No larvae completed their development on any of the other 54 plant species tested, where most larvae died during the first instar. Adults oviposited readily on T. ramosissima accessions, less on Tamarix aphylla (L.) Karst. (athel), and only rarely on other plants. The host range of the D. e. deserticola we tested from Kazakhstan was not different from those we tested from China. Therefore, D. e. deserticola, is sufficiently host-specific and was approved for field release in North America. This is the first biological control agent introduced into the United States for control of saltcedar. Published by Elsevier Science (USA).

show abstract

“…In some cases, rates of herbivory are higher in the light, in others, under a canopy. The classic demonstration of such an interaction is Huffaker and Kennett's (1959) study of the biological control of the introduced Klamath weed, Hypericum perforatum, in northern California by the leaf-feeding beetle, Chrysolina quadrigemina. Shortly after the beetle was introduced, Hypericum was largely eliminated from large sunny meadows where adult beetles prefer to lay their eggs, but persisted in smaller, tree-shaded refugia avoided by beetles.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Regeneration of Rhizophora mangle in a Caribbean mangrove forest: interacting effects of canopy disturbance and a stem-boring beetle

2003

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Current theory predicts that in low-density, seed-limited plant populations, seed predation will be more important than competition in determining the number of individuals that reach maturity. However, when plant density is high, competition for microsites suitable for establishment and growth is expected to have a relatively greater effect. This dichotomous perspective does not account for situations in which the risk of seed predation differs inside versus outside recruitment microsites. We report the results of a field experiment and sampling studies that demonstrate such an interaction between microsite quality and the risk of propagule predation in mangrove forests on the Caribbean coast of Panama, where it appears to play a key role in shaping the demography and dynamics of the mangrove, Rhizophora mangle. Rhizophora's water-borne propagules establish wherever they strand, but long-term sampling revealed that only those that do so in or near lightning-created canopy gaps survive and grow to maturity. These microsites afford better growth conditions than the surrounding understory and, as importantly, provide a refuge from predation by the scolytid beetle, Coccotrypes rhizophorae. This refuge effect was confirmed with a field experiment in which Rhizophora seedlings were planted at different positions relative to gap edges, from 5 m inside to 20 m outside the gap. Mortality due to beetle attack increased linearly from an average of 10% inside a gap to 72% at 20 m into the forest. The interaction between canopy disturbance and propagule predation may be having a large impact on the composition of our study forests. Being shade-tolerant, Rhizophora seedlings that escape or survive beetle attack can persist in the understory for years. However, the high rate of beetleinduced mortality effectively eliminates the contribution of advance regeneration by Rhizophora saplings to gap succession. This may explain why the shade-intolerant mangrove, Laguncularia racemosa, is able to co-dominate the canopy in low intertidal forests at our study sites.

show abstract

A Ten-Year Study of Vegetational Changes Associated with Biological Control of Klamath Weed

Cited by 193 publications

References 9 publications

Insect‐plant interactions on a planet of weeds

Insect‐plant interactions on a planet of weeds

Host specificity of the leaf beetle, Diorhabda elongata deserticola (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) from Asia, a biological control agent for saltcedars (Tamarix: Tamaricaceae) in the Western United States

Regeneration of Rhizophora mangle in a Caribbean mangrove forest: interacting effects of canopy disturbance and a stem-boring beetle

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About