“…Project stakeholders interact with each other to complete these tasks as efficiently as possible, taking into account the triple constraint of time, scope and cost (Project Management Institute, 2004). Authority in traditional IS projects is top-down, originating from senior management (Gemino et al, 2008) and their representatives, project managers (Kirsch, 2000), and is supported by hierarchical structures. Major IS projects are governed by a wealth of standard methodologies and tools, such as project plans, functional specifications and project approval processes, that have been developed and institutionalized within this context (Mignerat and Rivard, 2012).…”