A TEM study of samples from acid mine drainage systems: metal-mineral association with implications for transport

Hochella, Michael F.; Moore, Johnnie N.; Golla, U.; Putnis, Andrew

doi:10.1016/s0016-7037(99)00260-4

Cited by 151 publications

(90 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…In acid mine drainage systems the most commonly found Fe oxides are ferrihydrite, jarosite, goethite and lepidocrocite, [2] so the presence of these mineral phases in these samples is not unusual. Also, the presence of Ti oxides has been previously reported in this particular river system, although the mineral phase itself could not be determined in that study.…”

Section: Analytical Tem Resultsmentioning

confidence: 94%

“…Previous TEM studies on river sediment from the Clark Fork also found nanoparticulate Fe oxides, in the form of ferrihydrite, which contained either Zn or Zn and As. [2,29] The favoured association of Pb with brookite in CF-1 and the low enrichment ratio for Ti (see Table 2) may explain the low enrichment of Pb in the extracts compared with systems where Pb is more associated with Fe/Mn oxides. Another interesting find was that in every sample there was one or two trace metal bearing particles which were also enriched with various rare earth elements.…”

Section: Analytical Tem Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…As nanoparticles are ubiquitous in nature and have already been found associated with metals in this particular system [2,28,29] and other mine drainage locales, [1,30] it is likely that they are affecting trace metal mobility and bioavailability. The goal of this study was to determine associations existing between nanoparticles and trace metals in order to better elucidate these complex relationships.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 86%

“…[1][2][3][4] These metals can exist and be transported in various ways, such as dissolved species in solution, sorbed on or incorporated into inorganic particulates, and complexed by organic matter. Since these different species and size fractions will be affected by different transport processes (e.g.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Using FlFFF and aTEM to determine trace metal–nanoparticle associations in riverbed sediment

et al. 2010

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Environmental context. Determining associations between trace metals and nanoparticles in contaminated systems is important in order to make decisions regarding remediation. This study analysed contaminated sediment from the Clark Fork River Superfund Site and discovered that in the <1-µm fraction the trace metals were almost exclusively associated with nanoparticulate Fe and Ti oxides. This information is relevant because nanoparticles are often more reactive and show altered properties compared with their bulk equivalents, therefore affecting metal toxicity and bioavailability.Abstract. Analytical transmission electron microscopy (aTEM) and flow field flow fractionation (FlFFF) coupled to multi-angle laser light scattering (MALLS) and high-resolution inductively coupled plasma mass spectroscopy (HR-ICPMS) were utilised to elucidate relationships between trace metals and nanoparticles in contaminated sediment. Samples were obtained from the Clark Fork River (Montana, USA), where a large-scale dam removal project has released reservoir sediment contaminated with toxic trace metals (namely Pb, Zn, Cu and As) which had accumulated from a century of mining activities upstream. An aqueous extraction method was used to recover nanoparticles from the sediment for examination; FlFFF results indicate that the toxic metals are held in the nano-size fraction of the sediment and their peak shapes and size distributions correlate best with those for Fe and Ti. TEM data confirms this on a single nanoparticle scale; the toxic metals were found almost exclusively associated with nano-size oxide minerals, most commonly brookite, goethite and lepidocrocite.

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Section: Analytical Tem Resultsmentioning

confidence: 94%

Section: Analytical Tem Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 86%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Using FlFFF and aTEM to determine trace metal–nanoparticle associations in riverbed sediment

et al. 2010

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“…For instance, there are over 200,000 ARD sites within the United States of America (Hochella et al, 1999); greater than 5,000 km of water-courses are polluted by contaminated drainage from abandoned mines in Europe (Younger, 2002);and Harries (1997) reported the presence of significant ARD within Australia, which has been compared to the problems facing the Canadian mining industry (Bell, 2003).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

SHORT-TERM ACID ROCK DRAINAGE CHARACTERISTICS DETERMINED BY PASTE pH AND KINETIC NAG TESTING: CYPRESS PROSPECT, NEW ZEALAND

Weber¹,

Hughes²,

Conner³

et al. 2006

JASMR

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Abstract. The paste pH test (1 part solid: 2 parts water) is one method used to determine the acidic nature of a rock/soil sample. In conjunction with kinetic NAG testing a classification scheme has been developed for the Cypress Prospect within the Stockton coal mining region, West Coast, New Zealand. Samples having a paste pH of < 4.0 are considered potentially acid forming (PAF) and contain significant acidic sulfate salts (up to 30.1 kg H 2 SO 4 /t equivalent) that will immediately produce acid upon exposure to water. Samples with a paste pH of 4.0 -5.0 are considered PAF, but have a lower stored acidic salt content (up to 9.0 kg H 2 SO 4 /t equivalent). In the field the lithologies represented by both these rock types are likely to generate ARD immediately upon exposure to water. Circum-neutral paste pH values (> pH 5.0) for samples classified PAF indicated that they have a short-term acid neutralization capacity (ANC) that is greater than the readily available short-term acid generating capacity of the sample. This resulted in a time lag (2 -356 minutes) prior to decrease to pH 4 in the kinetic NAG test. Samples having a paste pH > 6.0 typically produced a longer lag period than those with a paste pH of 5 -6. As previous researchers have demonstrated this represents a lag period prior to the onset of laboratory acid rock drainage in larger column leach tests. These results have direct application to strategic mine planning at the proposed Cypress mine including separating waste rock into immediate acid generators (high management priority) from acid generators with a lag to acid formation (lower priority) and non-acid forming. Field validation of this classification system is still needed.

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Analysis and Characterization of Manufactured Nanoparticles in Aquatic Environments

Hassellöv

Kaegi

2009

Environmental and Human Health Impacts of Nanotechnology

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A TEM study of samples from acid mine drainage systems: metal-mineral association with implications for transport

Cited by 151 publications

References 24 publications

Using FlFFF and aTEM to determine trace metal–nanoparticle associations in riverbed sediment

Using FlFFF and aTEM to determine trace metal–nanoparticle associations in riverbed sediment

SHORT-TERM ACID ROCK DRAINAGE CHARACTERISTICS DETERMINED BY PASTE pH AND KINETIC NAG TESTING: CYPRESS PROSPECT, NEW ZEALAND

Analysis and Characterization of Manufactured Nanoparticles in Aquatic Environments

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