A Telephone-Adapted Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction Program: Preliminary Effects among Healthcare Employees

Abstract

Healthcare employees often experience high stress and may benefit from accessible psychosocial interventions. In this pilot study, we explored preliminary feasibility, acceptability, and psychological effects of a telephone-based adaption of mindfulness-based stress reduction (MBSR) for healthcare employees. Eleven participants (M age = 49.9; 27.3% ethnic/racial minority) were enrolled in an eight-session group-based MBSR program adapted for telephone delivery. Feasibility was assessed using rates of program attrition and session completion; acceptability was explored qualitatively via participants’ responses to an open-ended item about their program experience. Participants also completed pre-and post-program assessments on psychosocial outcomes (distress (overall distress, depression, anxiety, somatization), mindfulness, and self-compassion). We characterized mean change scores, 95% confidence intervals, and effect sizes to explore preliminary program effects. With regard to preliminary feasibility, one participant dropped out prior to the intervention; of the remaining 10 participants, 90% completed at least half (≥4) of the sessions; 70% completed at least three-quarters (≥6 sessions). Feedback reflected positive experiences and included suggestions for program delivery. Participants reported reductions in distress post-program (M difference range = −5.0 to −9.4), showing medium to large effect sizes (d range = 0.68 to 1.11). Mindfulness scores increased from pre- to post-intervention (M difference range = 1.0 to 10.4), with small-to-medium effects (d range = 0.18 to 0.55). Almost all aspects of self-compassion remained stable over time, with the exception of common humanity, which increased post-program (M difference = 2.9, CI 95% 0.5 to 5.4, d = 0.91). Preliminary findings from our small pilot trial suggest that telephone-based adaptations of MBSR may be a useful mode of delivery for healthcare employees; however, larger studies are needed to provide further evidence of feasibility, acceptability, and program effects.

An Integrative Review on the Research Progress of Mindfulness and Its Implications at the Workplace

“…Therefore, mindfulness improves loving-kindness and compassion, which will develop intentions to look after the well-being of oneself and others in turn. Further, mindfulness interventions improve common humanity [189]. Shi and He [190] asserted that mindfulness generally reduces high self-referential processing in human beings, and reinforces other-referential processing to attain an equilibrium of mental activities toward others and oneself, which is crucial for pro-social behavior.…”

The First Attempt to Apply an Online Mindfulness Program to Nursing Staff in a Traditional Korean Medicine Clinic in COVID-19 Era: A Case Series

“…In some systematic reviews, MBSR was reported to be effective in improving mindfulness and self-compassion and reducing anxiety, depression, and stress in healthcare professionals [10] as well as employees [11]. Although closely related to mindfulness-based meditation and often included in the modified MBSR program [12], there is loving-kindness meditation and compassion meditation as distinct meditation practices [13]. These meditations are exercises to strengthen the emotional state of kindness and compassion, and their clinical benefits are supported by neuroendocrine studies, neuroimaging studies, and preliminary clinical studies [13].…”