A Technology Readiness Level scale for iron and steel industries

Klar, Daniel; Frishammar, Johan; Roman, Victor; Hallberg, Dan

doi:10.1080/03019233.2015.1109024

Cited by 10 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…Most presented scales incorporate nine distinct levels. Some scales present adaptions to specific technology fields such as energy 8 , steelmaking 3 , health-care 9 or biotechnology 10 (an exhaustive list is outside the scope of this paper).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Specifying Technology Readiness Levels for the Chemical Industry

Buchner

Stepputat

Zimmermann

et al. 2019

Ind. Eng. Chem. Res.

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Technology readiness levels (TRL) have received increasing recognition throughout academia, industry and policy-making as a tool for evaluating and communicating a technology's maturity.Conventional scales are unspecific to technologies as they aim at evaluating and comparing technologies combining different fields. Hence, they present vague descriptions which leave considerable room for interpretation and subjective choices. For the chemical industry, adaptions and specific criteria are needed for more comprehensible TRL ratings. This paper specifies the nine conventional TRLs for the chemical industry as: Idea, Concept, Proof of concept, Preliminary process development, Detailed process development, Pilot trials, Demonstration and full-scale engineering, Commissioning, and Production. Adjusted descriptions and additional criteria with detailed indicators are presented, depicting the logical progression of a typical chemical innovation in the phases of applied research, development and deployment. The specified TRLs facilitate evaluation and communication of a technology's maturity and substantially improve the basis for data availability-based assessment.Issuing institution Purpose and background of the scale US National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) 2,6,7 Space technology planning as a measurement system that "supports assessments of the maturity of a particular technology and the consistent comparison of maturity between different types of technology" 2 US Department of Defense (US DoD) 13 Focus on "critical technologies" 13 , used in 'Major Defense Acquisition Programs', evaluates the degree of risk associated with each TRL and recommends mitigation measures US Department of Energy (US DoE) 8 Based on NASA and US DoD, adapted to DoE needs, incorporates scale of testing, system fidelity and environment (waste) as criteria in the description, provides appendix with questions for general TRL rating and detailed questions for critical technical elements US Department of Health and Human Services (US HHS) 9Biomedical adaption: designed for evaluating the maturity of medical countermeasure products (drugs and biologics)European Commission, horizon 2020 framework

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Specifying Technology Readiness Levels for the Chemical Industry

Buchner

Stepputat

Zimmermann

et al. 2019

Ind. Eng. Chem. Res.

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“…The specific technological decarbonization options for the steel industry are found in Table 1, including information on CO 2 intensity, costs and technology readiness level (TRL) [14]. Table 1.…”

Section: Co 2 Abatement In the Steel Industrymentioning

confidence: 99%

Pathways for Low-Carbon Transition of the Steel Industry—A Swedish Case Study

et al. 2020

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The concept of techno-economic pathways is used to investigate the potential implementation of CO2 abatement measures over time towards zero-emission steelmaking in Sweden. The following mitigation measures are investigated and combined in three pathways: top gas recycling blast furnace (TGRBF); carbon capture and storage (CCS); substitution of pulverized coal injection (PCI) with biomass; hydrogen direct reduction of iron ore (H-DR); and electric arc furnace (EAF), where fossil fuels are replaced with biomass. The results show that CCS in combination with biomass substitution in the blast furnace and a replacement primary steel production plant with EAF with biomass (Pathway 1) yield CO2 emission reductions of 83% in 2045 compared to CO2 emissions with current steel process configurations. Electrification of the primary steel production in terms of H-DR/EAF process (Pathway 2), could result in almost fossil-free steel production, and Sweden could achieve a 10% reduction in total CO2 emissions. Finally, (Pathway 3) we show that increased production of hot briquetted iron pellets (HBI), could lead to decarbonization of the steel industry outside Sweden, assuming that the exported HBI will be converted via EAF and the receiving country has a decarbonized power sector.

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“…There are a number of TRL frameworks that have been adopted by the US Department of Defense [19,20] and other organisations in safety critical industries [21,22]. Figure 1 provides an example of a TRL scale used for NASA's purposes along with a definition for each level.…”

Section: Technology Readiness Levelsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…At this point, it is deemed important to clarify that the TRL scale has been chosen as it is a widely used scale for communicating technology maturity levels [22]. It is acknowledged that other technology maturity assessment scales have been developed over the years [23].…”

Section: Technology Readiness Levelsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…As discussed in Section 2, the TRL metric was chosen to map the key organisational human factors as it is a widely used scale [22]; however, it is acknowledged that other technology maturity assessment tools are available [23], and the output of this work would be applicable to these tools (e.g. MRL).…”

Section: Further Development Of the Human Factors Readiness Level Toolmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The development of a Human Factors Readiness Level tool for implementing industrial human-robot collaboration

Charalambous

Fletcher

Webb

2017

Int J Adv Manuf Technol

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The concept of industrial human-robot collaboration (HRC) is becoming increasingly attractive as a means for enhancing manufacturing productivity and product. However, due to traditional preventive health and safety standards, there have been few operational examples of true HRC, so it has not been possible to explore the organisational human factors that need to be considered by manufacturing organisations to realise the benefits of industrial HRC until recently. Charalambous, Fletcher and Webb (2015) made the first attempt to identify the key organisational human factors for the successful implementation of industrial HRC through an industrial exploratory case study. This work enabled (i) development of a theoretical framework of key organisational human factors relevant to industrial HRC and (ii) identification of these factors as enablers or barriers. Although identifying the key organisational human factors (HF) was an important step, it presented a crucial question: when should practitioners involved in HRC design and implementation consider these factors? New industrial processes are typically designed and implemented using a maturity or readiness evaluation system, but these do not incorporate of or link to any formal considerations of HF. The aim of this paper is to expand on the previous findings and link the key human factors in the theoretical framework directly to a recognised industrial maturity readiness level system to develop a new Human Factors Readiness Level (HFRL) tool for system design practitioners to optimise successful implementation of industrial HRC.

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A Technology Readiness Level scale for iron and steel industries

Cited by 10 publications

References 15 publications

Specifying Technology Readiness Levels for the Chemical Industry

Specifying Technology Readiness Levels for the Chemical Industry

Pathways for Low-Carbon Transition of the Steel Industry—A Swedish Case Study

The development of a Human Factors Readiness Level tool for implementing industrial human-robot collaboration

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