A Techno-Economic Analysis of Vehicle-to-Building: Battery Degradation and Efficiency Analysis in the Context of Coordinated Electric Vehicle Charging

Abstract

In the context of the increased acceptance and usage of EV, V2B has proven to be a new and promising use case. Although this topic is already being discussed in literature, there is still a lack of experience on how such a system, of allowing bidirectional power flows between an EV and building, will work in a residential environment. The challenge is to optimize the interplay of electrical load, PV generation, EV, and optionally a HES. In total, fourteen different scenarios are explored for a German household. A two-step approach is used, which combines a computationally efficient linear optimizer with a detailed modelling of the non-linear effects on the battery. The change in battery degradation, storage system efficiency, and OPEX as a result of different, unidirectional and bidirectional, EV charging schemes is examined for both an EV battery and a HES. The simulations show that optimizing unidirectional charging can improve the OPEX by 15%. The addition of V2B leads to a further 11% cost reduction, however, this corresponds with a 12% decrease in EV battery lifetime. Techno-economic analysis reveals that the V2B charging solution with no HES leads to strong self-consumption improvements (EUR 1381 savings over ten years), whereas, this charging scheme would not be justified for a residential prosumer with a HES (only EUR 160 savings).

Evaluation of the Effects of Smart Charging Strategies and Frequency Restoration Reserves Market Participation of an Electric Vehicle

“…In [8], the authors use a stochastic model to illustrate that the self-consumption of PV power can be increased by the introduction of EVs which charge upon arrival at the household. In [9], the authors conduct a techno-economic analysis of Vehicle-to-Home (V2H) charging strategies in prosumer households. The study shows promising results with an 11% cost reduction due to the addition of the V2H strategy.…”

Challenging Practices of Algebraic Battery Life Models through Statistical Validation and Model Identification via Machine-Learning

“…Predictive models enable battery controllers to optimize for long cell life or for project planners to estimate cost of cell degradation as part of technoeconomic analyses. 3,4,[7][8][9] Predictive models for battery lifetime can be loosely categorized into empirical, semi-empirical, and electrochemical models. Empirical and semi-empirical models are models that predict capacity fade without any simulation of the internal physics; this includes reducedorder models, [10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24] which are simply algebraic equations, as well as machine-learning based approaches.…”

Linking Parking and Electricity Values to Unlock Potentials of Electric Vehicles in Portuguese Buildings

“…Some works have studied V2B in the context of residential buildings. For instance, [5] considered a household with PV, EV and storage with the goal to minimize the operational costs. However, in residential buildings, the EV and the building belong to the same entity.…”