A technique coupling the analyte electrodeposition followed by in-situ stripping with electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometry for analysis of samples with high NaCl contents

Determination of cadmium and lead in urine samples after dispersive solid–liquid extraction on multiwalled carbon nanotubes by slurry sampling electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometry

“…However, in some cases this approach is not sufficient to overcome all of the problems associated with urine measurements. As a consequence, it may be necessary to remove the sample matrix by an acid digestion pretreatment or by preconcentration/separation of the analytes using different extraction systems [6]. Solid phase extraction (SPE) was found to be a good technique for the preconcentration of trace amounts of analytes from different media.…”

Flame atomic absorption spectrometric determination of trace amounts of heavy metal ions after solid phase extraction using modified sodium dodecyl sulfate coated on alumina

“…Separationpreconcentration step improves the analytical detection limit, increases the sensitivity by several orders of magnitude, enhances the accuracy of the results and facilitate the calibration. Various separation-preconcentration techniques like solvent extraction [20], electro-deposition [21], coprecipitation [22], cloud point extraction [23], membrane filtration [24] and solid phase extraction [25,26] are used for that purpose. Solid phase extraction is preferred by many researchers on account of the fast, simple and higher preconcentration factor, rapid phase separation, time and cost saving [27,28].…”