A technical survey on underwater communication

Abstract

The world's pace has elevated technology to a higher pinnacle in the field of communication, yet the research in underwater communication is progressing in a slow traverse due to its compound barriers. Underwater communication is one of the unique and challenging fields in communication engineering in the case of both designing and communication. It is limited by several factors like the multipath channel and frequency which is limiting the application of underwater communication. An appropriate choice of modulation will enable the device to give better data rates. As every communication needs higher data rates, appropriate devices must be coupled with multiple access methods to make it efficient and reliable. The paper is a plot of the data surveyed on underwater communication which combines of major challenges associated with underwater applications and the approaches to mitigate some of these challenges is data.

Underwater Efficient Data Routing: Clustering-Travel Salesman Protocol (CTSP)

“…The complexity of the world under the sea makes it hard to make transportation systems that work well. Physical barriers like rocks and marine life, as well as the fact that electromagnetic signals sent across the water are greatly attenuated and distorted [6], make it harder for sensor nodes to communicate with each other. Activities that happen underwater need good data routing [7].…”