A Technical Review on Low Speed Pre Ignition in Turbocharged Gasoline Direct Injection Engines

Deva, Dinesh; Kansara, Shekhar; Dhyani, Vipin; Muralidharan, M. R.

doi:10.4271/2022-28-0023

Cited by 1 publication

(2 citation statements)

References 144 publications

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“…The ability to detect knock is especially difficult given new engine trends, including the use of turbocharged downsized engines [17]. Studies by Attard et al [18] and Deva et al [19] found that the pressure oscillations associated with knock in these engines are substantially different from those in conventional engines, with more cycle-to-cycle variation.…”

Section: Pressure Signalsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, in borderline knock cases, the pressure oscillations associated with knock in this window have a very low amplitude and are difficult to detect. Meanwhile, Deva et al [19] found that pressure signals should be sampled at a higher frequency rate in order to be able to detect the higher frequencies that play a more prominent role in knock in modern boosted engines. This technique requires a faster response pressure transducer and increased processing capabilities, but better captures high frequency oscillations.…”

Section: Processing Of Pressure Signalsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A Review of Recent Advancements in Knock Detection in Spark Ignition Engines

Mittal

2024

Signals

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In gasoline engines, the combustion process involves a flame’s propagation from the spark plug to the cylinder walls, resulting in the localized heating and pressurization of the cylinder content ahead of the flame, which can lead to the autoignition of the gasoline and air. The energy release from the autoignition event causes the engine cylinder to resonate, causing an unpleasant noise and eventual engine damage. This process is termed as knock. Avoiding knock has resulted in limiting the maximum engine pressures, and hence limiting the maximum efficiencies of the engine. Modern engines employ knock sensors to detect resonances, adjusting the spark plug timing to reduce pressures and temperatures, albeit at the expense of engine performance. This paper sets out to review the different signals that can be measured from an engine to detect the start of knock. These signals traditionally consist of the in-cylinder pressure, the vibrations of the engine block, and acoustic noise. This paper reviews each of these techniques, with a focus on recent advances. A number of novel methods are also presented, including identifying perturbations in the engine speed or exhaust temperature; measuring the ion charge across the spark plug leads; and using artificial intelligence to build models based on engine conditions. Each of these approaches is also reviewed and compared to the more traditional approaches. This review finds that in-cylinder pressure measurements remain as the most accurate for detecting knock in modern engines; however, their usage is limited to research settings. Meanwhile, new sensors and processing techniques for vibration measurements will more accurately detect knock in modern vehicles in the short term. Acoustic measurements and other novel approaches are showing promise in the long term.

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Section: Pressure Signalsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Processing Of Pressure Signalsmentioning

confidence: 99%