A technical review on epoxy-clay nanocomposites: Structure, properties, and their applications in fiber reinforced composites

Zabihi, Omid; Ahmadi, Mojtaba; Nikafshar, Saeid; Preyeswary, Karthik Chandrakumar; Naebe, Minoo

doi:10.1016/j.compositesb.2017.09.066

Cited by 217 publications

(126 citation statements)

References 207 publications

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“…The effect of the nanoclay content within the developed composites can be explained as due to the homogeneous dispersion of the nanofiller in the matrix epoxy, which plays a vital role in improving the tensile properties. Any factor that affects the tensile modulus has a significant impact on the tensile strength of the composite . Hence, it should be noted here that both strengthening and stiffening effects rely on the dispersion of the nanoclay filler within the composites themselves .…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 98%

The effect of nanomodified epoxy on the tensile and flexural properties of Napier fiber reinforced composites

et al. 2019

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The tensile, flexural, and morphological properties of Napier fiber reinforced nanomodified epoxy composites were investigated. Untreated and alkali‐treated Napier fibers, as well as nanoclay and epoxy resin, were used to fabricate Napier fiber reinforced nanomodified epoxy composites by using cold press compression machines. Napier fiber was treated with 5% dilute sodium hydroxide (NaOH) solution for 6 h. Varying amounts of nanoclay filler (3, 5, and 10 wt%) were mixed with the epoxy resin prior to fabricating the Napier fiber reinforced nanomodified epoxy composites. The results of mechanical testing indicated that the alkali‐treated Napier fiber reinforced nanomodified epoxy composites incorporating 5 wt% nanoclay exhibited the highest flexural and tensile properties. Morphological analysis was then conducted to further analyze the fractured specimens following the mechanical tests. The scanning electron microscope images of the Napier fiber reinforced nanomodified epoxy composites that contained 5 wt% nanoclay revealed good interfacial bonding between the matrix and the reinforcement.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 98%

The effect of nanomodified epoxy on the tensile and flexural properties of Napier fiber reinforced composites

et al. 2019

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confidence: 99%

“…[1] Thet raditional methods for toughening epoxy matrix, such as solution mixing,m elt blending,a nd in situ polymerization, usually aim to homogeneously disperse the reinforcements of nanomaterials into an epoxy matrix, which are not very successful in obtaining high-performance epoxy nanocomposites. [1] Thet raditional methods for toughening epoxy matrix, such as solution mixing,m elt blending,a nd in situ polymerization, usually aim to homogeneously disperse the reinforcements of nanomaterials into an epoxy matrix, which are not very successful in obtaining high-performance epoxy nanocomposites.…”

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confidence: 99%

Ultra‐Tough Inverse Artificial Nacre Based on Epoxy‐Graphene by Freeze‐Casting

et al. 2019

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Epoxy nanocomposites combining high toughness with advantageous functional properties are needed in many fields.H owever,f abricating high-performance homogeneous epoxy nanocomposites with traditional methods remains ag reat challenge.N acre with outstanding fracture toughness presents an ideal blueprint for the development of future epoxy nanocomposites.Now,high-performance epoxy-graphene layered nanocomposites were demonstrated with ultrahigh toughness and temperature-sensing properties.T hese nanocomposites are composed of ca. 99 wt %o rganic epoxy,w hich is in contrast to the composition of natural nacre (ca. 96 wt % inorganic aragonite). These nanocomposites are named an inverse artificial nacre.T he fracture toughness reaches about 4.2 times higher than that of pure epoxy.T he electrical resistance is temperature-sensitive and stable under various humidity conditions.T his strategy opens an avenue for fabricating high-performance epoxy nanocomposites with functional properties.Ultra-tough and functional epoxy nanocomposites are urgently needed in many engineering areas,s uch as aerospace,b uilding design, transportation, electronics,a nd many others. [1] Thet raditional methods for toughening epoxy matrix, such as solution mixing,m elt blending,a nd in situ polymerization, usually aim to homogeneously disperse the reinforcements of nanomaterials into an epoxy matrix, which are not very successful in obtaining high-performance epoxy nanocomposites. [2] Thet raditional toughening methods are not amenable to tailoring and optimizing the structure of epoxy nanocomposites.Achallenge then remains to develop an ovel approach for constructing high-performance epoxy nanocomposites.N atural nacre,w ith its brick-and-mortar structure consisting of about 96 wt %inorganic aragonite and about 4wt% biopolymer,e xhibits excellent fracture toughness about three orders of magnitude higher than aragonite, [3] providing ab iomimetic inspiration for constructing highperformance materials. [4] Freeze-casting,a lso known as ice templating, is ap romising technique to fabricate composites with three-dimensional (3D) hierarchical architecture,such as nacre-like ceramics, [5] cellular polymeric composites, [6] honeycomb fibers aerogels, [7] graphene aerogels, [8] and self-healing composites. [9] Inspired by the brick-and-mortar structure of nacre,w e fabricated nacre-like epoxy nanocomposites via freeze-casting. Ther esultant nacre-like epoxy nanocomposites are composed of about 99 wt %o rganic epoxy resin. This is the opposite of natural nacresc omposition of about 96 wt % inorganic aragonite.W ec all this kind of nacre-like epoxygraphene nanocomposite as an inverse artificial nacre.T he fracture toughness reaches up to about 4.2 times higher than that of pure epoxy,which is attributed to the synergistic effect from various toughening mechanisms,s uch as crack deflection, crack branching,i nterfacial fiction, and crack bridging. Furthermore,t his inverse artificial nacre shows anisotropic electrical conductivity owing to the lamell...

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“…The studies showed that the thermal, tensile and surface wetting properties of the pectin resin can be noticeably improved by exfoliated halloysite nanotubes at relatively high weight concentration, which form unique bird nest structures in the pectin matrix of the resulting bionanocomposites. In addition, most recent research on the structural, physical and mechanical properties of nanoclay-reinforced fiber composites can be found in Reference [13].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the model, representative volume elements (RVEs) of stacking, staggering, and randomly distributed platelets in matrices were considered; their numerical results showed that the interlayer properties had less impact on the effective moduli of the PNCs reinforced with fully exfoliated clay nanoparticles. More detailed reviews on research progress in processing, characterization and modeling of the mechanical properties of PNCs can be found in the recent review papers in this topic, e.g., [4][5][6]13,21,22] and references therein.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Computational Study of the Effects of Processing Parameters on the Nonlinear Elastoplastic Behavior of Polymer Nanoclay Composites

Rahman

2017

J. Compos. Sci.

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Processing parameters (e.g., exfoliation extent and volume fraction) of clay particles in polymeric resins play a crucial role in the mechanical properties of polymer nanoclay composites (PNCs). This paper is aimed to investigate the effects of clay aspect ratio and volume fraction on the global mechanical properties (e.g., effective stiffness, yield strength, and ultimate tensile strength) of PNCs. During the process, computational micromechanics models are adopted to simulate the nonlinear elastoplastic behavior of the PNCs of varying clay particle volume fractions and aspect ratios subjected to uniaxial tension. A representative volume element (RVE) of the PNCs is employed for the finite-element-method (FEM) based computational simulations. The polymeric matrix is treated as an idealized elastoplastic solid with isotropic hardening behavior, and the clay particles are treated as stiff elastic platelets distributed evenly in the stack and stagger configurations in the matrix. Seven volume fractions (V f = 0.5%, 1%, 2%, 5%, 7.5%, 10%, and 15%) and seven aspect ratios (the ratio of platelet length over thickness ρ = 1, 2, 5, 10, 20, 50 and 100) of the reinforcing clay particles are utilized. Numerical experiments show that the effective modulus of the PNCs at small strains increases with the increase of either the clay volume fraction or the platelet aspect ratio largely following those predicted by classic micromechanics models. However, at the low particle aspect ratios (e.g., ρ = 1, 2, 5 and 10), the ultimate tensile strength of the clay composite is nearly independent of the clay volume fraction up to 5% in the present study, i.e., the polymeric matrix governs the PNC strength; at the large particle aspect ratios (e.g., ρ = 20 and 50), the ultimate tensile strength is significantly enhanced with growing clay volume fraction higher than 5% and reaches 150% of that of the polymeric matrix at ρ = 50 and V f = 10%. A comparative study is conducted for stack and stagger models for the prediction of the mechanical properties of PNCs. It shows that the stack model predicts slightly larger values of the effective stiffness and tensile strength than the stagger model. The numerical study shows that a large platelet aspect ratio through full exfoliation of the clay particles in matrix is crucial to achieving the preferable mechanical properties of PNCs as evidenced in experiments. The present results can be utilized to quantitatively explain the mechanical properties of clay particle-reinforced composites and PNCs within the framework of classic micromechanics, and provide guidelines for computer-aided nanocomposites design for processing property-tailorable PNCs.

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A technical review on epoxy-clay nanocomposites: Structure, properties, and their applications in fiber reinforced composites

Cited by 217 publications

References 207 publications

The effect of nanomodified epoxy on the tensile and flexural properties of Napier fiber reinforced composites

The effect of nanomodified epoxy on the tensile and flexural properties of Napier fiber reinforced composites

Ultra‐Tough Inverse Artificial Nacre Based on Epoxy‐Graphene by Freeze‐Casting

Computational Study of the Effects of Processing Parameters on the Nonlinear Elastoplastic Behavior of Polymer Nanoclay Composites

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