A technical note on emerging combination approach involved in the onconanotherapeutics

Abstract

Cancer is the second cause of mortality worldwide, and the currently available conventional treatment approach is associated with serious side effects and poor clinical outcomes. Based on the outcome of the exploratory preclinical and clinical studies, it was found that therapeutic response increases multiple folds when anticancer drugs are used in combination. However, the conventional combination of anticancer drugs was associated with various limitations such as increased cost of treatment, systemic toxicity, drug resistance, and reduced pharmacokinetic attributes. Hence, attempts were made to formulate nanocarrier fabricated combinatorial drugs (NFCDs) to effectively manage and treat cancer. This approach offers several advantages, such as improved stability, lower drug exposure, targeted drug delivery, low side effects, and improved clinical outcome. Hence, in this review, first time, we have discussed the recent advancement and various types of nano carrier-based combinatorial drug delivery systems in a different type of cancer and highlighted the personalized combinatorial theranostic medicine as a futuristic anticancer treatment approach.

Nanomedicine as a multimodal therapeutic paradigm against cancer: on the way forward in advancing precision therapy

“…147 In this regard, various on-demand and controlled-release nanoparticles and adjuvant multimodal therapies have been investigated in the past few years to improve the synergistic ratiometric delivery of combinatorial therapy. [148][149][150] For instance, pH-responsive core-shell nanoparticles (PDCP-NPs, 160 nm size and −30 mV zeta potential) co-loaded with a 3 : 1 molar ratio of curcumin (loaded into an inner core composed of vitamin-E succinate-grafted polylysine, i.e., VES-g-ε-PLL) and DOX (loaded into the outer shell composed of poly-γ-glutamic acid-DOPA, i.e., γ-PGA-DOPA) were formed by a Michael addition/Schiff-base crosslinking as a mussel-inspired surface modification to target CSCs and the bulk tumor simultaneously. The NPs were pH sensitive; that is, at physiological pH ( pH 7.4), the core-shell structure of γ-PGA-DOPA shielded the cationic-curcumin core cargo, whereas, at the acidic pH ( pH 5) of the glioma, they cast their shed off and were re-exposed to release the cargo in a controlled manner for better tumor tissue penetration.…”

“…147 In this regard, various on-demand and controlled-release nanoparticles and adjuvant multimodal therapies have been investigated in the past few years to improve the synergistic ratiometric delivery of combinatorial therapy. 148–150 For instance, pH-responsive core–shell nanoparticles (PDCP-NPs, 160 nm size and −30 mV zeta potential) co-loaded with a 3 : 1 molar ratio of curcumin (loaded into an inner core composed of vitamin-E succinate-grafted polylysine, i.e. , VES-g-ε-PLL) and DOX (loaded into the outer shell composed of poly-γ-glutamic acid-DOPA, i.e.…”

Dual-view jointly learning improves personalized drug synergy prediction

“…Traditional and modern medicine have always utilized the combinatorial drug therapies to better treat cancers [1]. Compared with monotherapies, the drug combinations may improve treatment efficacy [2,3], reduce toxicity and side effects [4,5] and decrease the drug resistance [6,7]. However, responses to the same drug combination may vary largely among patients due to the high heterogeneity of cancers [3].…”

Silk Nanofiber Carriers for Both Hydrophilic and Hydrophobic Drugs to Achieve Improved Combination Chemotherapy

“…[1,2] Single nanocarriers that can be loaded with multiple drugs with different hydrophilic/hydrophobic capacities and various mechanisms of action can provide optimal combination therapies for the tumor therapy field. [3][4][5] Many nanocarriers such as liposomes, polymersomes, nanoparticles, and nanogels have been designed to contain both hydrophilic and hydrophobic domains, facilitating the simultaneous loading of multiple drugs. [6][7][8][9] Effective tumor suppression was achieved through co-delivery of both hydrophilic and hydrophobic drugs from these novel nanovehicle systems, however, complex and time-consuming fabrication processes are required, along with challenges with the stability of these nanocarriers.…”