A taxonomy of cyber attack and defence mechanisms for emergency management networks

Loukas, George; Gan, Diane; Vuong, Tuan

doi:10.1109/percomw.2013.6529554

Cited by 11 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…The classification of cyber attack and defense mechanisms for emergency management networks aims to support a common understanding of the associated cyber attack and defense mechanisms. Attack mechanisms are classified according to three aspects, according to the network, according to the attacked functions and attack factors, while the defense mechanism is determined by the type of protection, the degree of distribution and organizational elements [26]. In addition, the problems of cybersecurity in emergency management are divided into three groups determined by the criticality of time (refers to emergency situations), when decisions must be made and quickly transmitted.…”

Section: Fig 1 Relationship Of Ccis With Cpsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of methodological foundations for designing a classifier of threats to cyberphysical systems

Shmatko

Balakireva

Vlasov

et al. 2020

EEJET

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Section: Fig 1 Relationship Of Ccis With Cpsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of methodological foundations for designing a classifier of threats to cyberphysical systems

Shmatko

Balakireva

Vlasov

et al. 2020

EEJET

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“…The position of each defence measure in the loop corresponds to the type of system vulnerability that the defence measure aims to patch. Cyber security defence measures are often categorised as either preventive or reactive [39]. Preventive defence measures, such as authentication and access control, prevent malicious payloads from being inputted to a system at all, whereas reactive defence measures, such as anomaly-based or signature-based defences, detect that a malicious payload has been inputted and trigger a response to counteract the attack [22].…”

Section: Attack and Defence Modelling Frameworkmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Security of the Speech Interface: A Modelling Framework and Proposals for New Defence Mechanisms

Bispham

Agrafiotis

Goldsmith

2020

Communications in Computer and Information Science

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This paper presents an attack and defence modelling framework for conceptualising the security of the speech interface. The modelling framework is based on the Observe-Orient-Decide-Act (OODA) loop model, which has been used to analyse adversarial interactions in a number of other areas. We map the different types of attacks that may be executed via the speech interface to the modelling framework, and present a critical analysis of the currently available defences for countering such attacks, with reference to the modelling framework. The paper then presents proposals for the development of new defence mechanisms that are grounded in the critical analysis of current defences. These proposals envisage a defence capability that would enable voice-controlled systems to detect potential attacks as part of their dialogue management functionality. In accordance with this high-level defence concept, the paper presents two specific proposals for defence mechanisms to be implemented as part of dialogue management functionality to counter attacks that exploit unintended functionality in speech recognition functionality and natural language understanding functionality. These defence mechanisms are based on the novel application of two existing technologies for security purposes. The specific proposals include the results of two feasibility tests that investigate the effectiveness of the proposed mechanisms in defending against the relevant type of attack.

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“…Time-critical decisions are also an integral aspect to emergency first responders (Loukas et al 2013) and to the Cyber Response Teams who may also have to fend off a cyber-attack during an emergency response. Based on models of quickening conflict escalation by Mallery (2011), Kello (2013, p. 34) warned:…”

Section: Stock Marketsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Human Factor in Cybersecurity: Robust & Intelligent Defense

Marble

Lawless

Mittu

et al. 2015

Advances in Information Security

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In this chapter, we review the pervasiveness of cyber threats and the roles of both attackers and cyber users (i.e. the targets of the attackers); the lack of awareness of cyber-threats by users; the complexity of the new cyber environment, including cyber risks; engineering approaches and tools to mitigate cyber threats; and current research to identify proactive steps that users and groups can take to reduce cyberthreats. In addition, we review the research needed on the psychology of users that poses risks to users from cyber-attacks. For the latter, we review the available theory at the individual and group levels that may help individual users, groups and organizations take actions against cyber threats. We end with future research needs and conclusions. In our discussion, we first agreed that cyber threats are making cyber environments more complex and uncomfortable for average users; second, we concluded that various factors are important (e.g., timely actions are often necessary in cyber space to counter the threats of the attacks that commonly occur at internet speeds, but also the 'slow and low'attacks that are difficult to detect, threats that occur only after pre-specified conditions have been satisfied that trigger an unsuspecting attack). Third, we concluded that advanced persistent threats (APTs) pose a risk to users but also to national security (viz., the persistent threats posed by other Nations). Fourth, we contend that using "red" teams to search cyber defenses for vulnerabilities encourages users and organizations to better defend themselves. Fifth, the current state of theory leaves many questions unanswered that researchers must pursue to mitigate or neutralize present and future threats. Lastly, we agree with the literature that cyber space has had a dramatic impact on American life and that the cyber domain is a breeding ground for disorder. However, we also believe that actions by users and researchers can be taken to stay safe and ahead of existing and future threats. The Cyber ProblemIntroduction In our approach to cyber threats, we will review the increasing complexity of, and risks in, the new cyber environment. We will discuss cyber defenses and tools used in defenses, such as the use of engineering to mitigate cyber threats. More fully, we will review and discuss the pervasiveness of cyber-attacks from multiple perspectives: first at the individual level from the perspective of the human attacker and the user, the attacker's target; and second from the perspective of teams and organizations. We end with future research needs and conclusions.

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A taxonomy of cyber attack and defence mechanisms for emergency management networks

Cited by 11 publications

References 25 publications

Development of methodological foundations for designing a classifier of threats to cyberphysical systems

Development of methodological foundations for designing a classifier of threats to cyberphysical systems

The Security of the Speech Interface: A Modelling Framework and Proposals for New Defence Mechanisms

The Human Factor in Cybersecurity: Robust & Intelligent Defense

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