A taxonomic study of the genus Spirillum Ehrenberg

Williams, Marion A.; Rittenberg, Sydney C.

doi:10.1099/0096266x-7-2-49

Cited by 36 publications

(52 citation statements)

References 1 publication

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“…Colony formation was good on nutrient agar and on potato glucose agar. The general appearances corresponded to those described by Williams & Rittenberg (1957). On no occasion, however, was it possible to obtain group IV ( pH range.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 56%

“…mancuniense, but differed in that they were all strongly catalase-positive, grew well in Difco nutrient broth and potato glucose agar and did not liquefy gelatin. The organisms of group I1 also differed from those species described and classified by Williams & Rittenberg (1957) ; they are aerobic, do not grow anaerobically in the presence of nitrate, and form microcysts in old cultures. Their size and metabolic reactions differed from those of other freshwater microcyst-forming spiral bacteria Spirilla from oxidation ponds 407 so far described.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 87%

“…The method of Williams & Rittenberg (1957) was used. Carbon sources were added to 0.2 yo (w/v) in Giesberger's basal medium.…”

Section: Identification Of Isolated Spirilla Observations and Staininmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…With the exception of a few members of the genus SpiriZZum Ehrenberg (Carter, 1888; Cayton & Preston, 1955) all the species so far studied have been isolated from various sources of fresh and salt water containing organic matter (Lewis, 1940;Myers, 1940 ;Williams & Rittenberg, 1957). Freshwater ponds containing large quantities of organic matter were established when domestic sewage was treated by the oxidation pond system of sewage purification, and it was therefore expected that various species of this genus would be present in such ponds.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A Systematic Study of the Genus Spirillum which Occurs in Oxidation Ponds, with a Description of a New Species

Pretorius

1963

Journal of General Microbiology

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SUMMARYA systematic study of the spiral form bacterial flora of oxidation ponds has been made. Three known species, namely Spirillum itersonii, S . serpens and S. volutans, were constantly found. A primary enrichment medium for S . volutans from natural sources is given. A new species has been isolated; its main characters are : strictly aerobic, catalase-positive, does not grow under anaerobic conditions in the presence of nitrate, forms microcysts, differs in carbon-source utilization from previous described species. The species has been named Spirillum peregrinum.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 56%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 87%

“…The method of Williams & Rittenberg (1957) was used. Carbon sources were added to 0.2 yo (w/v) in Giesberger's basal medium.…”

Section: Identification Of Isolated Spirilla Observations and Staininmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A Systematic Study of the Genus Spirillum which Occurs in Oxidation Ponds, with a Description of a New Species

Pretorius

1963

Journal of General Microbiology

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“…With the exception of the tests for determination of substrates that can serve as sole carbon and sole nitrogen sources, for observation of flagella hydrolysis of hippurate, esculin, casein, and starch, by the electron microscope, for determination of the inoculation was with a loopful of a 48-h-old culture in guanine plus cytosine (G+C) content of the deoxyri-nutrient broth (NB) or seawater nutrient broth bonucleic acid (DNA), and for determination of the (SWNB). For sole carbon and sole nitrogen source determinations, 48-h-old broth cultures were washed twice with the basal medium of Williams and Rittenberg (17) and suspended in the same medium; 0.05 to 0.10 ml of the suspension was used as the inoculum for each tube of synthetic test medium. For observation of flagella, determination of the G+C content of the DNA, and determination of hydrolysis of hippurate, esculin, casein, and starch, inoculation was performed according to the method of Hylemon et al (6).…”

Section: Maintenance Of Culturesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Transfer of Five Species and Two Subspecies of Spirillum to Other Genera (Aquaspirillum and Oceanospirillum), with Emended Descriptions of the Species and Subspecies

Terasaki

1979

International Journal of Systematic Bacteriology

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Emended descriptions of these species and subspecies are given.In 1972, Terasaki (14) published a morphological, physiological, and biochemicd characterization of 49 strains of spirilla, including a number of new strains isolated from putrid infusions of shellfish (13) and a strain isolated from mosses collected in the Antarctic (see Table 1). In 1973, eight of the new strains were placed by T e r d (15) in five new species of Spirillum (S. psychrophilum, S. hiroshimense, S. pelagicum, S. pusillum, and s. multiglobuliferun), and three of the strains were placed in two new subspecies (S. itersonii subsp. nipponicum and S. peregrinum subsp. integrum) of previously established species. In the same year, Hylemon et al. (6) proposed that the genus Spirillum Ehrenberg 1832 be divided into three genera: SpirilZum, Aquaspirillum, and Oceanospirillum. Subsequently, additional characters were determined for the 11 new isolates mentioned above, and the results of both the original and the supplementary tests indicated that the freshwater strains possessed the salient characteristics of the genus Aquaspirillum (6, 9, 10) and that the marine strains possessed those of the genus Oceanospirillum (6,9,10). In the present paper, the new nomenclatural combinations necessitated by the transfer of these organisms and emended descriptions of the species and subspecies are provided. MATERIALS AND METHODSBacterial strains. The strain designations of the 11 isolates used in this investigation, their identification when they were originally described (15), their sources, and their dates of isolation are listed in Table 1. Maintenance of cultures.The Spirillum strains were maintained as agar stab cultures at room temperature (15 to 33OC) with monthly transfers, except for strain CA1, which was maintained at 4°C with trimonthly transfers. Freshwater spirilla were maintained on a nutrient agar of the following composition (in grams per liter of distilled water): Arei-peptone (Kyoei Seiyaku & Co., Ltd., Tokyo), 5.0; Arei-meat extract, 3.0; and agar, 15.0. For marine strains, a seawater agar was used, with seawater (drawn from Kairo-en, Itsukaichi-cho near Hiroshima) being substituted for the distilled water in the above nutrient agar. In those cases where the ceUs of certain strains were apt to "straighten out" during maintenance, smooth colonies were occasionally selected so as to maintain stocks of typical morphology. The method used for freeze-drying the spirilla has been reported recently by Terasaki (16).Inocula. With the exception of the tests for determination of substrates that can serve as sole carbon 130

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Class II. Betaproteobacteria class. nov.

Bell

Lilburn

2005

Bergey’s Manual® of Systematic Bacteriology

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A taxonomic study of the genus Spirillum Ehrenberg

Cited by 36 publications

References 1 publication

A Systematic Study of the Genus Spirillum which Occurs in Oxidation Ponds, with a Description of a New Species

A Systematic Study of the Genus Spirillum which Occurs in Oxidation Ponds, with a Description of a New Species

Transfer of Five Species and Two Subspecies of Spirillum to Other Genera (Aquaspirillum and Oceanospirillum), with Emended Descriptions of the Species and Subspecies

Class II. Betaproteobacteria class. nov.

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