A taxonomic review of the trapdoor spider genus Promyrmekiaphila Schenkel (Araneae, Mygalomorphae, Cyrtaucheniidae, Euctenizinae)

Stockman, Amy K.; Bond, Jason E.

doi:10.11646/zootaxa.1823.1.2

Cited by 9 publications

(17 citation statements)

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“…Among largely undescribed invertebrate taxa, complementary taxonomies (e.g. Harvey et al 2008;Stockman and Bond 2008) can be a nomenclatural necessity for phylogeographic studies, especially for those workers also exploring diverse but poorly studied landscapes.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A revision of the textricellin spider genus Raveniella (Araneae:Araneoidea:Micropholcommatidae): exploring patterns of phylogeny and biogeography in an Australian biodiversity hotspot

Rix

Harvey

Roberts

2010

Invert. Systematics

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South-western Western Australia is a biodiversity hotspot, with high levels of local endemism and a rich but largely undescribed terrestrial invertebrate fauna. Very few phylogeographic studies have been undertaken on south-western Australian invertebrate taxa, and almost nothing is known about historical biogeographic or cladogenic processes, particularly on the relatively young, speciose Quaternary sand dune habitats of the Swan Coastal Plain. Phylogeographic and taxonomic patterns were studied in textricellin micropholcommatid spiders belonging to the genus Raveniella Rix & Harvey. The Micropholcommatidae is a family of small spiders with a widespread distribution in southern Western Australia, and most species are spatially restricted to refugial microhabitats. In total, 340 specimens of Raveniella were collected from 36 surveyed localities on the Swan Coastal Plain and 17 non-Swan Coastal Plain reference localities in south-western Western Australia. Fragments from three nuclear rRNA genes (5.8S, 18S and ITS2), and one mitochondrial protein-coding gene (COI) were used to infer the phylogeny of the genus Raveniella, and to examine phylogeographic patterns on the Swan Coastal Plain. Five new species of Raveniella are described from Western Australia (R. arenacea, sp. nov., R. cirrata, sp. nov., R. janineae, sp. nov., R. mucronata, sp. nov. and R. subcirrata, sp. nov.), along with a single new species from south-eastern Australia (R. apopsis, sp. nov.). Four species of Raveniella were found on the Swan Coastal Plain: two with broader distributions in the High Rainfall and Transitional Rainfall Zones (R. peckorum Rix & Harvey, R. cirrata); and two endemic to the Swan Coastal Plain, found only on the western-most Quindalup dunes (R. arenacea, R. subcirrata). Two coastally restricted species (R. subcirrata, R. janineae) were found to be morphologically cryptic but genetically highly distinct, with female specimens morphologically indistinguishable from their respective sister-taxa (R. cirrata and R. peckorum). The greater Perth region is an important biogeographic overlap zone for all four Swan Coastal Plain species, where the ranges of two endemic coastal species join the northern and south-western limits of the ranges of R. peckorum and R. cirrata, respectively. Most species of Raveniella were found to occupy long, highly autapomorphic molecular branches exhibiting little intraspecific variation, and an analysis of ITS2 rRNA secondary structures among different species of Raveniella revealed the presence of an extraordinary hypervariable helix, ranging from 31 to over 400 nucleotides in length.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A revision of the textricellin spider genus Raveniella (Araneae:Araneoidea:Micropholcommatidae): exploring patterns of phylogeny and biogeography in an Australian biodiversity hotspot

Rix

Harvey

Roberts

2010

Invert. Systematics

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“…38; rather than being uniformly distributed across the endite face, see Stockman and Bond 2008, fig. 10) and by having two distinct posterior median spinneret spigot types (as opposed to a single type, Stockman and Bond 2008, fig. 24).…”

Section: Taxonomymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A recent phylogenetic treatment by Bond et al (2012b) concluded that Raven’s subfamily Euctenizinae, a group that included all of the North American cyrtaucheniids, was a monophyletic taxon that is closely related to idiopids and should be elevated to the family rank. This group comprises the eastern North American genus Myrmekiaphila Atkinson, 1886 (recently revised by Bond and Platnick 2007, also see Bailey et al 2010 and Bond et al 2012a), and the southwestern genera Neoapachella , Bond & Opell 2002, Eucteniza Ausserer, 1875, Promyrmekiaphila Schenkel, 1950 (recently revised by Stockman and Bond 2008, but also see Stockman and Bond 2007), Entychides Simon, 1888, Apomastus Bond & Opell, 2002, and Aptostichus Simon, 1891. Although the basal euctenizid lineages are probably relatively old (Bond and Hedin 2006) most of the genera are depauperate with respect to morphological and species diversity.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Although the basal euctenizid lineages are probably relatively old (Bond and Hedin 2006) most of the genera are depauperate with respect to morphological and species diversity. Many consist of very few species and two, Neopachella and Promyrmekiaphila , are either monotypic (Bond and Opell 2002) or comprise only two morphological species (Stockman and Bond 2008). That said, morphological assessments likely underestimate the evolutionary diversity contained within these groups (Bailey et al 2010, Bond et al 2001, Bond and Stockman 2008, Starrett and Hedin 2006, Stockman and Bond 2007).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Phylogenetic treatment and taxonomic revision of the trapdoor spider genus Aptostichus Simon (Araneae, Mygalomorphae, Euctenizidae)

Bond¹

2012

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This systematic study documents the taxonomy, diversity, and distribution of 40 species of the predominately Californian trapdoor spider genus Aptostichus Simon, 1891. Thirty-three of these species are newly described: Aptostichus dantrippi, Aptostichus cabrillo, Aptostichus pennjillettei, Aptostichus asmodaeus, Aptostichus nateevansi, Aptostichus chiricahua, Aptostichus icenoglei, Aptostichus isabella, Aptostichus muiri, Aptostichus barackobamai, Aptostichus sinnombre, Aptostichus hedinorum, Aptostichus aguacaliente, Aptostichus chemehuevi, Aptostichus sarlacc, Aptostichus derhamgiulianii, Aptostichus anzaborrego, Aptostichus serrano, Aptostichus mikeradtkei, Aptostichus edwardabbeyi, Aptostichus killerdana, Aptostichus cahuilla, Aptostichus satleri, Aptostichus elisabethae, Aptostichus fornax, Aptostichus lucerne, Aptostichus fisheri, Aptostichus bonoi, Aptostichus cajalco, Aptostichus sierra, Aptostichus huntington, Aptostichus dorothealangeae, and Aptostichus chavezi. Most of these species are restricted to the California Floristic Province, a known biodiversity hotspot. Of the 40 recognized species, over half are considered to be imperiled or vulnerable and two have likely gone extinct over the past half-century; the conservation status of only 11 species is considered to be secure. Using 73 quantitative and qualitative morphological characters I propose a preliminary phylogeny for the genus that recognizes four major lineages: the Atomarius, Simus, Hesperus, and Sierra species groups. Additionally, the phylogenetic analysis indicates that adaptations favoring the invasion of the arid desert habitats of southern California have evolved multiple times across the group. The existence of both desert and non - desert species in three of the four species groups makes this genus an ideal candidate for the study of the evolutionary ecology of desert arthropods. A set of molecular characters based on the contiguous mitochondrial DNA genes 16S-tRNA valine-12S is used in an independent analysis to assist in placement of specimens into species. The taxonomy section explicitly identifies the concept employed in species delimitation. Niche based distribution models are constructed to predict the ranges of species for which an adequate number of sampling sites were known.

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“…), rather than "irregular ground sheet." Promyrmekiaphila, scored by F&al as having a "brush sheet" builds a trapdoor and burrow (Stockman and Bond 2008;Bond pers. obs.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Supplemental Information 2: Supplemental Figure 2. Optimization of Web Presence/Absence

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Much genomic-scale, especially transcriptomic, data on spider phylogeny has accumulated in the last few years. These data have recently been used to investigate the diverse architectures and the origin of spider webs, concluding that the ancestral spider spun no foraging web, that spider webs evolved de novo 10-14 times, and that the orb web evolved at least three times. In fact, these findings principally result from inappropriate phylogenetic methodology, specifically coding the absence of webs as logically equivalent, and homologous to, 10 other observable (i.e. not absent) web architectures. "Absence" of webs is simply inapplicable data. To be analyzed properly by character optimization algorithms, it must be coded as "?" or "-" because these codes, and these alone, are handled differently by such algorithms. Additional problems include critical misspellings of taxon names from one analysis to the next (dropping even one taxon affects taxon sampling and results), and mistakes in spider natural history. In sum, methodological error: 1) causes character optimization algorithms to produce illogical results, and 2) does not distinguish absence from secondary loss. Proper methodology and corrected data instead imply that foraging webs are primitive for spiders and that webs have been lost 5-7 times, not gained 10-14 times. The orb web, specifically, may be homologous (originated only once) although lost 2-6 times.

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A taxonomic review of the trapdoor spider genus Promyrmekiaphila Schenkel (Araneae, Mygalomorphae, Cyrtaucheniidae, Euctenizinae)

Cited by 9 publications

References 4 publications

A revision of the textricellin spider genus Raveniella (Araneae:Araneoidea:Micropholcommatidae): exploring patterns of phylogeny and biogeography in an Australian biodiversity hotspot

A revision of the textricellin spider genus Raveniella (Araneae:Araneoidea:Micropholcommatidae): exploring patterns of phylogeny and biogeography in an Australian biodiversity hotspot

Phylogenetic treatment and taxonomic revision of the trapdoor spider genus Aptostichus Simon (Araneae, Mygalomorphae, Euctenizidae)

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