2022
DOI: 10.1109/access.2022.3150406
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A Task Offloading Algorithm With Cloud Edge Jointly Load Balance Optimization Based on Deep Reinforcement Learning for Unmanned Surface Vehicles

Abstract: Unmanned Surface Vehicles (USVs) generate a large amount of data that needs to be processed in real time when they work, but they are usually limited by computational and battery resources, so they need to offload their tasks to the edge for processing. However, when numerous USVs offload their tasks to the edge nodes, some offloaded tasks may be thrown due to queuing timeouts. Existing task offloading methods generally consider the latency or the overall system energy consumption caused by the collaborative p… Show more

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Cited by 11 publications
(9 citation statements)
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References 20 publications
(26 reference statements)
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“…The proposed LBEEMM model addresses the limitations of IDS and Blockchain-based security models by incorporating a Deep Reinforcement Learning-based Iterative-learning Contextual Side chaining Model process. This innovative approach not only learns and adapts to new security threats over time but also uses contextual side-chaining to link related security events, thereby providing a robust and dynamic defences mechanism against potential threats [33,34,35]. Load balancing is a critical aspect of distributed computing systems, ensuring the efficient utilization of resources and optimal performance across heterogeneous environments.…”
Section: Literature Surveymentioning
confidence: 99%
“…The proposed LBEEMM model addresses the limitations of IDS and Blockchain-based security models by incorporating a Deep Reinforcement Learning-based Iterative-learning Contextual Side chaining Model process. This innovative approach not only learns and adapts to new security threats over time but also uses contextual side-chaining to link related security events, thereby providing a robust and dynamic defences mechanism against potential threats [33,34,35]. Load balancing is a critical aspect of distributed computing systems, ensuring the efficient utilization of resources and optimal performance across heterogeneous environments.…”
Section: Literature Surveymentioning
confidence: 99%
“…In this study, we employ deep Q-network (DQN) as a fundamental and representative DRL algorithm and enhance its training process by developing a feature map and DNN structure. Importantly, these developed components can be reused for evaluating the state in other advanced DRL algorithms, such as double DQN (DDQN) [41] and deep deterministic policy gradient (DDPG) [31], [42], [43]. At every time step t, the average return, called Q-value, is computed to evaluate state-action pairs and strategy is updated on the basis of the Q-value.…”
Section: B Deep Reinforcement Learningmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Several centralized offloading algorithms are proposed in [17][18][19] to solve the above problems while considering the total system state. An online predictive offloading algorithm based on DRL and Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) networks is proposed in [17], it predicts the load of the ES in real time during the model's training phase and allocates the computational resources for the task in advance to substantially increase the convergence speed and accuracy of the DRL algorithm during the offloading process.…”
Section: Related Workmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…An online predictive offloading algorithm based on DRL and Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) networks is proposed in [17], it predicts the load of the ES in real time during the model's training phase and allocates the computational resources for the task in advance to substantially increase the convergence speed and accuracy of the DRL algorithm during the offloading process. In [18], a DRL-based Task Offloading with cloud edge jointly Load Balance Optimization (TOLBO) algorithm is proposed to select the best ES or CS for offloading in order to minimize long-term task latency and energy consumption by jointly considering the requirements of latency and energy-sensitive tasks and the overall load dynamics in the cloud, edge, and end layers. An advanced DRL-based offloading algorithm is proposed in [19], considering the previous processing time for MDs, ESs, and CS, it can generate and store multi-class offloading decisions with the system state together in a database and then training and updating multiple parallel CNNs with a batch of labeled data for executing independent tasks.…”
Section: Related Workmentioning
confidence: 99%