A tangentially viewing vacuum ultraviolet TV system for the DIII–D divertor

Abstract

A video camera system capable of imaging vacuum ultraviolet emission in the 120–160 nm wavelength range, from the entire divertor region in the DIII–D tokamak, was designed. The new system has a tangential view of the divertor similar to an existing tangential camera system [M. E. Fenstermacher et al., Rev. Sci. Instrum. 68, 974 (1997)] which has produced two-dimensional maps of visible line emission (400–800 nm) from deuterium and carbon in the divertor region. However, the overwhelming fraction of the power radiated by these elements is emitted by resonance transitions in the ultraviolet, namely the C IV line at 155.0 nm and Ly-α line at 121.6 nm. To image the ultraviolet light with an angular view including the inner wall and outer bias ring in DIII–D, a six-element optical system (f/8.9) was designed using a combination of reflective and refractive optics. This system will provide a spatial resolution of 1.2 cm in the object plane. An intermediate UV image formed in a secondary vacuum is converted to the visible by means of a phosphor plate and detected with a conventional charge injection device (CID) camera (30 ms framing rate). A single MgF2 lens serves as the vacuum interface between the primary and secondary vacuums; a second lens must be inserted in the secondary vacuum to correct the focus at 155 nm. Using the same tomographic inversion method employed for the visible TV, we will reconstruct the poloidal distribution of the UV divertor light. The grain size of the phosphor plate and the optical system aberrations limit the best focus spot size to 60 μm at the CID plane. The optical system is designed to withstand 350 °C vessel bakeout, 2 T magnetic fields, and disruption-induced accelerations of the vessel.

Coherence Imaging of Flows in the DIII‐D Divertor

“…We have installed systems observing CII 514nm and CIII 465nm at the inner scrape-off-layer on the midplane as well as exploiting a tangentially viewing catadioptric optical system originally installed for a vacuum ultraviolet imaging of the DIII-D divertor [13]. In this article, we focus on the divertor studies at 465nm.…”

A Fast visible camera Divertor-imaging diagnostic on DIII-D

“…On DIII-D, an existing vacuum ultraviolet imaging system views the lower divertor and is described in detail in reference [10]. This system utilizes a sophisticated combination of reflective and refractive optics to image the entire divertor view onto a phosphor screen that is ~2 cm in diameter.…”

DIII-D Diagnostic Systems

“…Three systems are used extensively: 1) a set of two cameras each looking at line-filtered visible emission from the lower and upper divertors respectively [102], 2) a camera in each of the divertors that images the VUV emission at 155 nm from the C 3+ ion [103], and 3) a line-filtered visible emission view of the inner and outer SOLs at the main chamber midplane [104].…”