A Tandem Array of <i>ent</i>-Kaurene Synthases in Maize with Roles in Gibberellin and More Specialized Metabolism

Fu, Jingye; Ren, Fei; Lu, Xuan; Mao, Hongjie; Xu, Meimei; Degenhardt, Jörg; Peters, Reuben J.; Wang, Qiang

doi:10.1104/pp.15.01727

Cited by 84 publications

(64 citation statements)

References 42 publications

(51 reference statements)

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“…Third, the tps1 transcript levels did not correlate with the formation of linalool, (E)-nerolidol, or DMNT in some maize lines. Instead, TPS1 was shown to have an additional diterpene synthase activity producing entkaurene, a precursor for the nonvolatile gibberellins and other diterpenes (Fu et al, 2015). Taken together, the findings in maize indicate that only TPS2, an enzyme of the TPS-g subtype, is responsible for the formation of volatile homoterpenes in maize.…”

Section: Maize Homoterpenes Are Formed By a Terpene Synthase Of The Tmentioning

confidence: 60%

Characterization of Biosynthetic Pathways for the Production of the Volatile Homoterpenes DMNT and TMTT in Zea mays

et al. 2016

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Plant volatiles not only have multiple defense functions against herbivores, fungi, and bacteria, but also have been implicated in signaling within the plant and toward other organisms. Elucidating the function of individual plant volatiles will require more knowledge of their biosynthesis and regulation in response to external stimuli. By exploiting the variation of herbivoreinduced volatiles among 26 maize (Zea mays) inbred lines, we conducted a nested association mapping and genome-wide association study (GWAS) to identify a set of quantitative trait loci (QTLs) for investigating the pathways of volatile terpene production. The most significant identified QTL affects the emission of (E)-nerolidol, linalool, and the two homoterpenes (E)-3,8-dimethyl-1,4,7-nonatriene (DMNT) and (E,E)-4,8,12-trimethyltrideca-1,3,7,11-tetraene (TMTT). GWAS associated a single nucleotide polymorphism in the promoter of the gene encoding the terpene synthase TPS2 with this QTL. Biochemical characterization of TPS2 verified that this plastid-localized enzyme forms linalool, (E)-nerolidol, and (E,E)-geranyllinalool. The subsequent conversion of (E)-nerolidol into DMNT maps to a P450 monooxygenase, CYP92C5, which is capable of converting nerolidol into DMNT by oxidative degradation. A QTL influencing TMTT accumulation corresponds to a similar monooxygenase, CYP92C6, which is specific for the conversion of (E,E)-geranyllinalool to TMTT. The DMNT biosynthetic pathway and both monooxygenases are distinct from those previously characterized for DMNT and TMTT synthesis in Arabidopsis thaliana, suggesting independent evolution of these enzymatic activities.

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Section: Maize Homoterpenes Are Formed By a Terpene Synthase Of The Tmentioning

confidence: 60%

Characterization of Biosynthetic Pathways for the Production of the Volatile Homoterpenes DMNT and TMTT in Zea mays

et al. 2016

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“…More specifically, in maize, the use of terpene as a keyword search in Phytozome (https://phytozome.jgi.doe.gov) currently reveals more than 30 Tps gene models. Collective efforts have resulted in the genetic, biochemical, and ecological characterization of approximately half of the maize enzymes encoded by Tps with product specificity in the production of monoterpenes, sesquiterpenes, and diterpenes (Schnee et al, 2002(Schnee et al, , 2006Köllner et al, 2004bKöllner et al, , 2008aDegenhardt et al, 2009;Fu et al, 2016;Richter et al, 2016). Maize terpene volatiles are often highly inducible following insect attack and aid in the attraction of diverse natural enemies both aboveground and belowground (Turlings et al, 1990;Rasmann et al, 2005;Degenhardt et al, 2009a).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Selinene Volatiles Are Essential Precursors for Maize Defense Promoting Fungal Pathogen Resistance

et al. 2017

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To ensure food security, maize (Zea mays) is a model crop for understanding useful traits underlying stress resistance. In contrast to foliar biochemicals, root defenses limiting the spread of disease remain poorly described. To better understand belowground defenses in the field, we performed root metabolomic profiling and uncovered unexpectedly high levels of the sesquiterpene volatile b-selinene and the corresponding nonvolatile antibiotic derivative b-costic acid. The application of metabolite-based quantitative trait locus mapping using biparental populations, genome-wide association studies, and nearisogenic lines enabled the identification of terpene synthase21 (ZmTps21) on chromosome 9 as a b-costic acid pathway candidate gene. Numerous closely examined b-costic acid-deficient inbred lines were found to harbor Zmtps21 pseudogenes lacking conserved motifs required for farnesyl diphosphate cyclase activity. For biochemical validation, a full-length ZmTps21 was cloned, heterologously expressed in Escherichia coli, and demonstrated to cyclize farnesyl diphosphate, yielding b-selinene as the dominant product. Consistent with microbial defense pathways, ZmTps21 transcripts strongly accumulate following fungal elicitation. Challenged field roots containing functional ZmTps21 alleles displayed b-costic acid levels over 100 mg g 21 fresh weight, greatly exceeding in vitro concentrations required to inhibit the growth of five different fungal pathogens and rootworm larvae (Diabrotica balteata). In vivo disease resistance assays, using ZmTps21 and Zmtps21 near-isogenic lines, further support the endogenous antifungal role of selinene-derived metabolites. Involved in the biosynthesis of nonvolatile antibiotics, ZmTps21 exists as a useful gene for germplasm improvement programs targeting optimized biotic stress resistance.

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“…Of the identified class I diTPSs, three (ZmTPS1, ZmKSL3, and ZmKSL5) have been characterized as ent-kaurene synthases (Fu et al, 2016) and three members (ZmKSL1, ZmKLS2, and ZmKSL4) are of unknown function. Phylogenetic analysis placed ZmKSL1, ZmKLS2, and ZmKSL4 adjacent to rice diTPSs of specialized metabolism (Fig.…”

Section: The Maize Diterpene Synthase Familymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In monocots, diterpenoid pathway networks comprise sets of diTPSs with conserved and species-specific functions in wheat (Triticum aestivum) and rice Xu et al, 2004Xu et al, , 2007aMorrone et al, 2006;Wu et al, 2012;Zhou et al, 2012;Fu et al, 2016). The ensuing diTPS products often undergo further structural modifications through the activity of P450 enzymes, as exemplified in rice by the P450-catalyzed formation of several bioactive diterpenoid metabolites (Swaminathan et al, 2009;Wang et al, 2011Wang et al, , 2012aWang et al, , 2012b.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Discovery, Biosynthesis and Stress-Related Accumulation of Dolabradiene-Derived Defenses in Maize

et al. 2018

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A Tandem Array of ent-Kaurene Synthases in Maize with Roles in Gibberellin and More Specialized Metabolism

Cited by 84 publications

References 42 publications

Characterization of Biosynthetic Pathways for the Production of the Volatile Homoterpenes DMNT and TMTT in Zea mays

Characterization of Biosynthetic Pathways for the Production of the Volatile Homoterpenes DMNT and TMTT in Zea mays

Selinene Volatiles Are Essential Precursors for Maize Defense Promoting Fungal Pathogen Resistance

Discovery, Biosynthesis and Stress-Related Accumulation of Dolabradiene-Derived Defenses in Maize

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