A tale of agriculturalists and hunter‐gatherers: Exploring the thrifty genotype hypothesis in native South Americans

Reales, Guillermo; Rovaris, Diego Luiz; Jacovas, Vanessa Cristina; Hünemeier, Tábita; Sandoval, José R.; Salazar‐Granara, Alcibiades; Demarchi, Darío Alfredo; Tarazona‐Santos, Eduardo; Felkl, Aline Brugnera; Serafini, Michele Aramburu; Salzano, Francisco M.; Bisso‐Machado, Rafael; Comas, David; Paixão‐Côrtes, Vanessa Rodrigues; Bortolini, María Cátira

doi:10.1002/ajpa.23233

Cited by 9 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 81 publications

(112 reference statements)

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“…Humans evolved multiple ApoE isoform proteins differing in binding affinities for cholesterol and for lipoprotein receptors of the LDLR family (low-density lipoprotein receptor; Mahley et al 2009). In all populations, ApoE3 is the most frequent allele, followed by the widely varying ApoE4 (Corbo and Scacchi 1999;Stengård et al 2006;Reales et al 2017). In Europe, ApoE4 has a strong latitudinal gradient, with a more than twofold excess in Nordic over Mediterranean populations.…”

Section: Apolipoprotein E (Apoe)mentioning

confidence: 99%

The Exposome in Human Evolution: From Dust to Diesel

Trumble¹,

Finch²

2019

The Quarterly Review of Biology

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Global exposures to air pollution and cigarette smoke are novel in human evolutionary history and are associated with about 16 million premature deaths per year. We investigate the history of the human exposome for relationships between novel environmental toxins and genetic changes during human evolution in six phases. Phase I: With increased walking on savannas, early human ancestors inhaled crustal dust, fecal aerosols, and spores; carrion scavenging introduced new infectious pathogens. Phase II: Domestic fire exposed early Homo to novel toxins from smoke and cooking. Phases III and IV: Neolithic to preindustrial Homo sapiens incurred infectious pathogens from domestic animals and dense communities with limited sanitation. Phase V: Industrialization introduced novel toxins from fossil fuels, industrial chemicals, and tobacco at the same time infectious pathogens were diminishing. Thereby, pathogen-driven causes of mortality were replaced by chronic diseases driven by sterile inflammogens, exogenous and endogenous. Phase VI: Considers future health during global warming with increased air pollution and infections. We hypothesize that adaptation to some ancient toxins persists in genetic variations associated with inflammation and longevity.

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Section: Apolipoprotein E (Apoe)mentioning

confidence: 99%

The Exposome in Human Evolution: From Dust to Diesel

Trumble¹,

Finch²

2019

The Quarterly Review of Biology

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“…Excessive adiposity and increase with age are also influenced by heredity. According to Neel’s ‘thrifty gene’ hypothesis, genes that predispose to obesity in populations that often experienced hunger [ 15 ]. Individuals who possess these genes develop the ‘obesogenic’ environment and can become extremely obese.…”

Section: Etiology Of Obesitymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Individuals who possess these genes develop the ‘obesogenic’ environment and can become extremely obese. Nowadays, this is predominantly seen in Pima Indians and Pacific Islanders [ 15 ]. Many genes involved in glucose and lipid metabolism are subject to positive selection in Asian and African ethnic groups.…”

Section: Etiology Of Obesitymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Obesity is a key agent in metabolic malfunctions involving lipid and glucose metabolism and influences organ dysfunction involving the heart, liver, intestines, lungs, hormones, and reproductive functions. Obesity is coupled with numerous pathological effects due to the extra body weight (i.e., worsening of osteoarthritis, sleep apnea, gout, and pain of the vertebral column) [ 15 , 22 ]. Moreover, obesity is highly connected to the following occurrence and pathologies.…”

Section: Pathologies Associated With Obesity and Its Effects On Hementioning

confidence: 99%

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Anti-Obesity Effects of Medicinal and Edible Mushrooms

Ganesan

2018

Molecules

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Obesity is a group of metabolic disorders caused by multiple factors, including heredity, diet, lifestyle, societal determinants, environment, and infectious agents, which can all lead to the enhancement of storage body fat. Excess visceral fat mass in adipose tissue generate several metabolic disorders, including cardiovascular diseases with chronic inflammation based pathophysiology. The objective of the current review is to summarize the cellular mechanisms of obesity that attenuate by antioxidant potentials of medicinal and edible mushrooms. Studies have showed that mushrooms potentially have antioxidant capacities, which increase the antioxidant defense systems in cells. They boost anti-inflammatory actions and thereby protect against obesity-related hypertension and dyslipidemia. The practice of regular consumption of mushrooms is effective in the treatment of metabolic syndrome, including obesity, and thus could be a good candidate for use in future pharmaceutical or nutraceutical applications.

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“…Em outro estudo com genes de metabolismo, observamos frequências significativamente maiores para o alelo econômico rs429358C de APOE em populações nativas caçadores-coletoras, quando comparados com os agricultores andinos [13]. O produto de APOE se constitui num componente fundamental das lipoproteínas de baixa densidade e de um grupo de lipoproteínas de alta densidade.…”

Section: Figura 1 Professor Francisco Mauro Salzano Em Sua Sala Na Uunclassified