“…Ionic liquids (ILs) are promising separation agents − owing to their numerous unique properties, such as nonvolatility, wide liquid range, high electrical conductivity, good thermal stability, high heat capacity, wide electrochemical window, local structural order, strong dissolution ability for both organic and inorganic substances, ease of recovery and recycling, etc. − To date, numerous studies have reported the application of ILs in chemical reactions, materials science, extraction and separation, gas absorption and separation, and the development of pharmaceutics and medicines. − Since the first successful extraction and separation of benzene derivatives from aqueous solutions using [BMIM][PF 6 ] by Rogers et al in 1998, the application of ILs in extraction processes has become increasingly widespread, including in the extraction of hydrocarbons, − organic acids, alcohols, , amines, natural products, − and metal ions. − Hydrocarbon extraction using ILs mainly consists of the extraction of monocyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (MAHs) from aliphatics (e.g., separation of benzene/hexane, toluene/octane, benzene/cyclohexane, ethylbenzene/cyclooctane, and hexane/cyclohexane systems), − extractive desulfurization (EDS) , and extractive denitrification (EDN) , from fuel oils, and separation of olefins/alkanes with high carbon numbers. , Recently, ILs have been successfully applied in extracting polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) from catalytic diesel, which will undoubtedly expand the application scope of ILs to aromatics extraction from fuel oils. , In the past decade, authors have reviewed the application of ILs in extractive separation of aromatics/aliphatics, EDS, ,− and EDN, …”