A tagged visual analog scale is a reliable method to assess keel bone deviations in laying hens from radiographs

Jung, Lisa; Rufener, Christina; Petow, Stefanie

doi:10.3389/fvets.2022.937119

Cited by 5 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 46 publications

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“…The percentage of deviated keel bones that were discovered through maceration at the end of the experiment was 82.1%. These results are similar to the prevalence of deviations found in laying hens ( Eusemann et al, 2018a ; Jung et al, 2022 ). Due to the rather low sensitivity and specificity of radiography in this study, X-ray examination does not seem to be an adequate tool for detecting keel bone deviations in Japanese quail.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

“…A tagged visual analog scale developed for keel bone deviations in laying hens by Jung et al (2022) was used to rate the severity of deviations displayed on the X-ray pictures. The rating was conducted by a single observer who had completed the online training supplied by Jung et al (2022) before.…”

Section: Animals Materials and Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…As conducted by Eusemann et al (2018a) , X-ray pictures can be used to measure and calculate the proportion of deviated keel bone area (POD) and thereby quantify the severity of deviations. Another method to quantify keel bone damage on X-ray images is rating it using a tagged visual analog scale as introduced by Rufener et al (2018) for fractures and Jung et al (2022) for deviations. Furthermore, Fleming et al (2000) established a method to assess the bone density of the humerus and tibiotarsus in vivo by including an aluminum step wedge on the X-ray picture.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Japanese quails (Coturnix Japonica) show keel bone damage during the laying period—a radiography study

Hildebrand,

Gerloff,

Winkler

et al. 2024

Front. Physiol.

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Keel bone damage is an important welfare issue in laying hens and can occur with a high prevalence of up to 100% of hens within one flock. Affected hens suffer from pain. Although multiple factors contribute to the prevalence and severity of keel bone damage, selection for high laying performance appears to play a key role. With up to 300 eggs/year, Japanese quails show a high laying performance, too, and, thus, may also show keel bone damage. However, to our knowledge, there are no scientific results on keel bone damage in Japanese quails to date. Therefore, the aim of this study was to assess whether keel bone fractures and deviations occur in Japanese quails and to obtain more detailed information about the development of their keel bone during the production cycle. A group of 51 female quails were radiographed at 8, 10, 15, 19, and 23 weeks of age. The X-rays were used to detect fractures and deviations and to measure the lateral surface area, length, and radiographic density of the keel bone. In addition, the length of the caudal cartilaginous part of the keel bone was measured to learn more about the progress of ossification. At 23 weeks of age, quails were euthanized and their macerated keel bones assessed for fractures and deviations. Both keel bone deviations and keel bone fractures were detected in the Japanese quails. In the 23rd week of age, 82% of the quails had a deviated keel bone as assessed after maceration. Furthermore, there was a decrease in radiographic density, lateral surface area, and length of the keel bone between weeks of age 8 and 19. This could indicate a general loss of bone substance and/or demineralization of the keel bone. Our study shows that keel bone damage is not only a problem in laying hens but also affects female Japanese quails.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

Section: Animals Materials and Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Japanese quails (Coturnix Japonica) show keel bone damage during the laying period—a radiography study

Hildebrand,

Gerloff,

Winkler

et al. 2024

Front. Physiol.

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“…In recent years, the X-ray method has been widely preferred for the diagnosis of keel bone damage (Richards et al 2011). It has been stated that fractures of the keel bone are detected with the X-ray method with an accuracy of 82.4% (Jung et al 2022). X-ray imaging is a more preferred diagnostic method because it provides more detail on fracture severity and number (Rufener et al 2018).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

WITHDRAWN: The effect of different cage densities on keel bone damage in brown and white laying hens

Uysal

Laçin

2023

Preprint

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Fractures and deviations of the keel bone are an important welfare problem for laying hens. In this study, keel bone damage (KBD) was investigated by the X-ray method in brown and white laying hens, which were housed at three different cage densities during the laying period. Two different breeds of laying hens, namely, the Isa Tinted (IT) and Hy-Line Brown (HB), were used in the study. The chickens were assigned to three experimental groups, which were housed at a low (5 hens/cage (LCD)), medium (7 hens/cage (MCD)) and high cage density (10 hens/cage (HCD)) during the laying period. In total 396 chickens, comprising 198 HB and 198 IT layers were housed in these cages. Radiographic examination and blood sampling were performed on one chicken from each cage at 35, 51 and 60 weeks, amounting to a total of 54 brown and white laying hens in each period and a total of 162 hybrids for all three periods. X-ray images taken at the end of the study period were scored (0:no deviation, 1:deviation; 0:no fracture, 1:fracture). According to the results obtained, among the hormones involved in calcium metabolism (OC, CT, PTH), only PTH was found to be significantly affected by age (P<0.05) and breed (IT>HB) (P<0.001) The scoring data showed that while the effect of age on fracture and deviation was insignificant; cage density insignificantly affected fracture but significantly affected deviation (P=0.009) (higher rate at LCD). The results of this study demonstrated that conventional cage systems pose a risk for KBD.

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“…Recording ABMs at slaughter can provide information for assessment and benchmarking of laying hens welfare on farm (Grafl et al., 2017; Jung et al., 2022).…”

Section: Assessmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Welfare of laying hens on farm

Nielsen¹,

Álvarez²,

Bicout³

et al. 2023

EFS2

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This scientific opinion focuses on the welfare of laying hens, pullets and layer breeders on farm. The most relevant husbandry systems used in Europe are described. For each system, highly relevant welfare consequences were identified, as well as related animal‐based measures (ABMs), and hazards leading to the welfare consequences. Moreover, measures to prevent or correct the hazards and/or mitigate the welfare consequences are recommended. The highly relevant welfare consequences based on severity, duration and frequency of occurrence are bone lesions, group stress, inability to avoid unwanted sexual behaviour, inability to perform comfort behaviour, inability to perform exploratory or foraging behaviour, isolation stress, predation stress, resting problems, restriction of movement, skin disorders and soft tissue lesions and integument damage. The welfare consequences of non‐cage compared to cage systems for laying hens are described and minimum enclosure characteristics are described for laying hens, pullets and layer breeders. Beak trimming, which causes negative welfare consequences and is conducted to reduce the prevalence and severity of pecking, is described as well as the risks associated with rearing of non‐beak‐trimmed flocks. Alternatives to reduce sharpness of the beak without trimming are suggested. Finally, total mortality, plumage damage, wounds, keel bone fractures and carcass condemnations are the most promising ABMs for collection at slaughterhouses to monitor the level of laying hen welfare on farm. Main recommendations include housing all birds in non‐cage systems with easily accessible, elevated platforms and provision of dry and friable litter and access to a covered veranda. It is further recommended to implement protocols to define welfare trait information to encourage progress in genetic selection, implement measures to prevent injurious pecking, rear pullets with dark brooders and reduce male aggression in layer breeders.

show abstract

A tagged visual analog scale is a reliable method to assess keel bone deviations in laying hens from radiographs

Cited by 5 publications

References 46 publications

Japanese quails (Coturnix Japonica) show keel bone damage during the laying period—a radiography study

Japanese quails (Coturnix Japonica) show keel bone damage during the laying period—a radiography study

WITHDRAWN: The effect of different cage densities on keel bone damage in brown and white laying hens

Welfare of laying hens on farm

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