A tabulated summary of the evidence on humoral and cellular responses to the SARS-CoV-2 Omicron VOC, as well as vaccine efficacy against this variant.

Minka, S O; Minka, F H

doi:10.1016/j.imlet.2022.02.002

Cited by 20 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…A study reported a near-complete lack of neutralizing activity against Omicron in polyclonal sera from individuals vaccinated with two doses of vaccine and from convalescent individuals, as well as resistance to different monoclonal antibodies in clinical use ( 98 ), highlighting the global need for vaccine boosters to combat the impact of Omicron and emerging variants ( 99 , 100 ). However, Omicron is strongly neutralized by antibodies induced by booster third dose vaccination ( 101 , 102 ) or fourth dose in hemodialysis patients ( 103 ) or by heterologous vaccination.This has led to increased attention to the important role of T cells in protection immunity. It was revealed that the responses of Spike-specific CD4 + T cells were not different in variants of concern; while CD8 + T cells responses to Omicron spike were reduced compared to other variants, enhanced with booster vaccine doses ( 104 ).…”

Section: Nk Cells During Covid-19 Infection and Recovery Stagementioning

confidence: 99%

An Update on Protective Effectiveness of Immune Responses After Recovery From COVID-19

et al. 2022

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Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) exhibits variable immunity responses among hosts based on symptom severity. Whether immunity in recovered individuals is effective for avoiding reinfection is poorly understood. Determination of immune memory status against SARS-CoV-2 helps identify reinfection risk and vaccine efficacy. Hence, after recovery from COVID-19, evaluation of protective effectiveness and durable immunity of prior disease could be significant. Recent reports described the dynamics of SARS-CoV-2 -specific humoral and cellular responses for more than six months in convalescent SARS-CoV-2 individuals. Given the current evidence, NK cell subpopulations, especially the memory-like NK cell subset, indicate a significant role in determining COVID-19 severity. Still, the information on the long-term NK cell immunity conferred by SARS-CoV-2 infection is scant. The evidence from vaccine clinical trials and observational studies indicates that hybrid natural/vaccine immunity to SARS-CoV-2 seems to be notably potent protection. We suggested the combination of plasma therapy from recovered donors and vaccination could be effective. This focused review aims to update the current information regarding immune correlates of COVID-19 recovery to understand better the probability of reinfection in COVID-19 infected cases that may serve as guides for ongoing vaccine strategy improvement.

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Section: Nk Cells During Covid-19 Infection and Recovery Stagementioning

confidence: 99%

An Update on Protective Effectiveness of Immune Responses After Recovery From COVID-19

et al. 2022

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“…Additionally, the existing vaccine booster jab protects against symptomatic or asymptomatic infection, transmission, and severe infection by promoting specific CD8+ or CD4+ T‐cell response. It also neutralizes memory B‐cell receptor (BCR) width and weak respiratory mucosal neutralizing Ab responses 42,49–52 . Given these facts, some countries have been quick to respond.…”

Section: Recommendationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It also neutralizes memory B‐cell receptor (BCR) width and weak respiratory mucosal neutralizing Ab responses. 42 , 49 , 50 , 51 , 52 Given these facts, some countries have been quick to respond. Among them, the United States continues to push the current program of two vaccine doses plus booster shots, which can enhance Omicron neutralization, especially in vulnerable groups such as the elderly, pregnant women, and immunocompromised populations.…”

Section: Recommendationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Turning point: A new global COVID‐19 wave or a signal of the beginning of the end of the global COVID‐19 pandemic?

Ding

Jiang

Xiong

et al. 2022

Immunity Inflam & Disease

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A new variant named Omicron (B.1.1.529), first identified in South Africa, has become of considerable interest to the World Health Organization. This variant differs from the other known major variants, as it carries a large number of unusual mutations, particularly in the spinous process protein and receptor binding domains. Some specific mutation sites make it vaccine resistant, highly infectious, and highly pathogenic. The world fears that the Omicron variant could be even more harmful than the previous major variant, given that it has emerged amid fierce competition to trigger a new global pandemic peak as infections in South Africa rise. However, some epidemiological evidence has emerged that the Omicron variant may produce milder patient symptoms. We speculate if the virulence of the Omicron variant will diminish as transmissibility increases, thereby signaling the beginning of the end for the global COVID‐19 pandemic. Based on this view, we make recommendations for COVID‐19 mitigation in the present and future. However, it will take a few weeks to determine the true threat posed by the Omicron variant and we need to be fully prepared for future outbreaks, regardless of their severity.

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“…For instance, it is known that vaccinated patients and convalescent individuals previously infected with other variants present a noteworthy reduction of sera neutralization titers against Omicron. Fortunately, patients with the third vaccine dose or those previously infected by the Delta variant may show an enhanced antibody response against Omicron [ 127 , 128 ]. Indeed, while the cellular response induced by two vaccination doses or infection was not affected, the third vaccination dose provides greater protection against symptomatic or non-symptomatic infections, transmission, and serious manifestations [ 129 ].…”

Section: Main Sars-cov-2 Variantsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recapping the Features of SARS-CoV-2 and Its Main Variants: Status and Future Paths

Ortega

García-Montero

Fraile-Martínez

et al. 2022

JPM

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Over the two years that we have been experiencing the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic, our challenges have been the race to develop vaccines and the difficulties in fighting against new variants due to the rapid ability of the virus to evolve. In this sense, different organizations have identified and classified the different variants that have been emerging, distinguishing between variants of concern (VOC), variants of interest (VOI), or variants under monitoring (VUM). The following review aims to describe the latest updates focusing on VOC and already de-escalated variants, as well as to describe the impact these have had on the global situation. Understanding the intrinsic properties of SARS-CoV-2 and its interaction with the immune system and vaccination is essential to make out the underlying mechanisms that have led to the appearance of these variants, helping to determine the next steps for better public management of this pandemic.

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A tabulated summary of the evidence on humoral and cellular responses to the SARS-CoV-2 Omicron VOC, as well as vaccine efficacy against this variant.

Cited by 20 publications

References 39 publications

An Update on Protective Effectiveness of Immune Responses After Recovery From COVID-19

An Update on Protective Effectiveness of Immune Responses After Recovery From COVID-19

Turning point: A new global COVID‐19 wave or a signal of the beginning of the end of the global COVID‐19 pandemic?

Recapping the Features of SARS-CoV-2 and Its Main Variants: Status and Future Paths

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