A Systematic Survey on Sensor Failure Detection and Fault-Tolerance in Ambient Assisted Living

Abstract

Ambient Assisted Living (AAL) systems aim to enable the elderly people to stay active and live independently into older age by monitoring their behaviour, provide the needed assistance and detect early signs of health status deterioration. Non-intrusive sensors are preferred by the elderly to be used for the monitoring purposes. However, false positive or negative triggers of those sensors could lead to a misleading interpretation of the status of the elderlies. This paper presents a systematic literature review of the sensor failure detection and fault tolerance in AAL equipped with non-intrusive, event-driven, binary sensors. The existing works are discussed, and the limitations and research gaps are highlighted.

Sensor Event Prediction using Recurrent Neural Network in Smart Homes for Older Adults

“…Binary sensors can show faulty activation e.g. erroneous activation of motion sensors by sunlight, bouncing of contact sensors, or switch-off delays of motion sensors [22]. This is not such a big a problem for the baseline method because of the relatively small amount of the noisy data compared to the number of correct events.…”

Active fault diagnosis of a switched reluctance motor using sliding mode observer and average torque estimator for light electric vehicle applications

“…As discussed in the literature, 31,32 the most common existing types of sensor faults can be classified based on permanent/temporary nature of faults and difficulty to detect, as shown in Figure 6. Case S1: Biased Fault and Case S2: Precision Degradation Fault are the two most common permanent types of faults, but very difficult to diagnose because the outputs of the sensors do not have any distinguish features from the normal operating sensors.…”

Physiological and Behavior Monitoring Systems for Smart Healthcare Environments: A Review

“…Failure in these sensors can lead to a misinterpretation of the subject's health status and bring negative consequences to their health. Regarding this limitation, Nancy ElHady et al [72] made a systematic literature review on sensor fault detection and fault tolerance in AAL environments. A sensor failure in a AAL environment can be considered as a fault if the sensor has stopped responding (fail-stop failure) or if the sensors are still responding but the reported values are not representative of the measured variable, nor the type of event that is supposed to be detected (non-fail-stop failure) [73].…”