A systematic survey on internet of things: Energy efficiency and interoperability perspective

Abstract

With the provision of rapid advancement in smart devices used in various technological fields exponentially increases the heterogeneity and energy consumption in internet of things (IoT). The technological leap in information and communication technology instigates the heterogeneity in smart devices, frameworks, architectures, communication technologies, and various industrial and nonindustrial applications. Therefore, a detailed taxonomy of IoT is proposed covering the diverse aspect of IoT lacking interoperability and energy efficiency. Existing research lacks the root causes of heterogeneity and energy consumption at the industrial and technological level. Keeping this in view, our research identified industrial integration and technological challenges. Moreover, we explore the effect on IoT devices when different types of energy harvesters are connected with IoT devices. Our comprehensive research addresses the various issues such as resource management, fog data analytics, energy consumption, heterogeneity, scalability, and the role of quality of service, data science, machine learning to accomplish interoperability and energy efficiency in IoT.

A Systematic Review on the Data Interoperability of Application Layer Protocols in Industrial IoT

“…Integration of more than four protocols is not observed in any selected research study. Providing end-user with more options for integrating number of protocols is one of the challenging tasks in industrial IoT [8]. As long as, intermediator such as gateway, server, broker or middleware are used for protocol conversion therefore, higher scalability is difficult to achieve.…”

“…Security: Application layer protocols for Industrial IoT are either supporting client-server or publish-subscribe architectures for data sending and receiving. However, by relying on these architectural models, all communication is routed using a central server or broker, which if not protected can introduce security vulnerabilities for users and IoT devices [8]. However, to perform integration of application layer protocols, different security measures are important to ensure such as device authentication or access control for IoT devices.…”

“…search, find and access) can be different. This leads to syntactic and semantic interoperability issues for IIoT devices [8].…”

“…wired and wireless networks). 3) Semantic interoperability [7]: It is linked with the meaning of the content for humans rather than machine interpretation of the content and 4) Platform interoperability [8]: It offers collaboration of the diverse platforms used in IoT due to diverse operating system, programming languages, and access mechanisms for data and things. As IIoT devices are increasing with each passing day, all these types of interoperability are required to support heterogeneity issues.…”

“…In literature, several research articles exist in the context of IoT communication. For example, a survey/review is performed in [8] to analyze the energy efficiency of heterogeneous communication protocols while performing interoperability. However, the main focus of the paper is the energy efficiency.…”