A Systematic Survey of Multi-Factor Authentication for Cloud Infrastructure

Abstract

The unauthorized usage of various services and resources in cloud computing is something that must be protected against. Authentication and access control are the most significant concerns in cloud computing. Several researchers in this field suggest numerous approaches to enhance cloud authentication towards robustness. User names and associated passwords have been a common practice for long as Single Factor Authentication. However, advancements in the speed of computing and the usage of simple methods, starting from the Brute Force technique to the implementation of advanced and efficient crytographic algorithms, have posed several threats and vulnerabilities for authentication systems, leading to the degradation of their effectiveness. Multi-factor authentication has emerged as a robust means of securing the cloud using simultaneous and multiple means of authentication factors. This employs multiple levels of cascaded authentication checks. This paper covers an extensive and systematic survey of various factors towards their adoption and suitability for authentication for multi-factor authentication mechanisms. The inference drawn from the survey is in terms of arriving at a unique authentication factor that does not require any additional, specialized hardware or software for multi-factor authentication. Such authentication also uses the distinct biometric characteristics of the concerned user in the process. This arrangement augments the secured and robust user authentication process. The mechanism is also assessed as an effective means against impersonation attacks.

Strengthening Cloud Security: An Innovative Multi-Factor Multi-Layer Authentication Framework for Cloud User Authentication

“…Security analysis can be used to assess the security of MFA implementations in cloud computing environments [93]. This analysis can help to identify and mitigate any potential security risks.…”

CNN-Based Multi-Factor Authentication System for Mobile Devices Using Faces and Passwords

“…They reported that most papers were published in 2019 and, by country, the US, India, and China produced the largest number of MFA-related papers. Additionally, in 2023, Otta et al [10] conducted a survey on various factors that can be used for authentication to avoid threatening cloud infrastructure and proposed a method for configuring safe and efficient MFA.…”