A systematic study of the disposition and metabolism of mercury species in mice after exposure to low levels of thimerosal (ethylmercury)

Carneiro, María Fernanda Hornos; Souza, Juliana Maria Oliveira; Grotto, Denise; Batista, Bruno Lemos; Souza, Vanessa Cristina de Oliveira; Barbosa, Fernando

doi:10.1016/j.envres.2014.07.009

Cited by 38 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 51 publications

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“…For example, administration of Thimerosal mimicking the US early childhood vaccination schedule of the 1990s to infant monkeys, resulted in significant and persistent levels of Hg in the brain [26]. Ethyl-Hg is able to enter into the brain and remain as ethyl-Hg, but it can also become and persist as methyl-Hg or inorganic Hg [27,28]. Once in the brain, Hg has many adverse effects [29].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A longitudinal cohort study of the relationship between Thimerosal-containing hepatitis B vaccination and specific delays in development in the United States: Assessment of attributable risk and lifetime care costs

Geier¹,

Hooker

King³

et al. 2015

JEGH

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Epidemiological evidence suggests a link between mercury (Hg) exposure from Thimerosal-containing vaccines and specific delays in development. A hypothesis-testing longitudinal cohort study (n=49,835) using medical records in the Vaccine Safety Datalink (VSD) was undertaken to evaluate the relationship between exposure to Hg from Thimerosal-containing hepatitis B vaccines (T-HBVs) administered at specific intervals in the first 6months of life and specific delays in development [International Classification of Disease, 9th revision (ICD-9): 315.xx] among children born between 1991 and 1994 and continuously enrolled from birth for at least 5.81years. Infants receiving increased Hg doses from T-HBVs administered within the first month, the first 2months, and the first 6months of life were significantly more likely to be diagnosed with specific delays in development than infants receiving no Hg doses from T-HBVs. During the decade in which T-HBVs were routinely recommended and administered to US infants (1991-2001), an estimated 0.5-1million additional US children were diagnosed with specific delays in development as a consequence of 25μg or 37.5μg organic Hg from T-HBVs administered within the first 6months of life. The resulting lifetime costs to the United States may exceed $1 trillion.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A longitudinal cohort study of the relationship between Thimerosal-containing hepatitis B vaccination and specific delays in development in the United States: Assessment of attributable risk and lifetime care costs

Geier¹,

Hooker

King³

et al. 2015

JEGH

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“…Carneiro et al demonstrated a conversion of ethylmercury to inorganic mercury in murine brain tissue within 6 days after exposure to thiomersal. 12 The dealkylation of MeHgCl seems not to be as effective as after thiomersal application as reported by Burbacher et al 13 However, we could show clear differences between organic and inorganic compounds in the efflux behaviour across the cell culture model of the blood-CSF barrier indicating compounds differences.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 45%

“…11 Speciation analysis in murine brain tissue provides evidence that EtHg can reach the brain after intramuscular injection of 20 mg thiomersal. 12 The observed presence of inorganic mercury in the brain tissue is likely to be due to a dealkylation of the organic Hg compounds as well as an oxidation of elemental mercury in the brain. 12,13 Besides the blood-brain barrier, the blood-cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) barrier represents a further interface for the access of mercury compounds into the brain.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…12 The observed presence of inorganic mercury in the brain tissue is likely to be due to a dealkylation of the organic Hg compounds as well as an oxidation of elemental mercury in the brain. 12,13 Besides the blood-brain barrier, the blood-cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) barrier represents a further interface for the access of mercury compounds into the brain. It is built up by epithelial cells of the choroid plexus, which separates the blood from the CSF.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Blood-Cerebrospinal Fluid Barrier

Gibbs¹,

Thomas²

2015

Encyclopedia of Psychopharmacology

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U n i v e r s i t ä t P o t s d a mPostprints der Universität Potsdam Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe ; 200 1420 | Metallomics, 2015 , 7, 1420 --1430 This journal is © The Royal Society of Chemistry 2015Cite this: Metallomics, 2015, 7, 1420The blood-cerebrospinal fluid barrier -first evidence for an active transport of organic mercury compounds out of the brain Hanna Lohren, a Julia Bornhorst, a Hans-Joachim Galla b and Tanja Schwerdtle* a Exposure to organic mercury compounds promotes primarily neurological effects. Although methylmercury is recognized as a potent neurotoxicant, its transfer into the central nervous system (CNS) is not fully evaluated.While methylmercury and thiomersal pass the blood-brain barrier, limited data are available regarding the second brain regulating interface, the blood-cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) barrier. This novel study was designed to investigate the effects of organic as well as inorganic mercury compounds on, and their transfer across, a porcine in vitro model of the blood-CSF barrier for the first time. The barrier system is significantly more sensitive towards organic Hg compounds as compared to inorganic compounds regarding the endpoints cytotoxicity and barrier integrity. Whereas there are low transfer rates from the blood side to the CSF side, our results strongly indicate an active transfer of the organic mercury compounds out of the CSF.These results are the first to demonstrate an efflux of organic mercury compounds regarding the CNS and provide a completely new approach in the understanding of mercury compounds specific transport.

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“…However we know lead is used for various purposes such as in cosmetic, metal products, batteries and plumbing pipes etc. Toxicity of lead is high so awareness overcome nowadays and reduced its use as in paints and gasoline [21]. The exposure of human being due to lead compounds is mainly due its use in paints, cosmetics, toys, household dusting material, contaminated soil and emissions of industries.…”

Section: Lead (Pb)mentioning

confidence: 99%

DNA Damage by Heavy Metals in Animals and Human Beings: An Overview

Jadoon¹,

Malik²

2017

Biochem Pharmacol

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Cancer causing materials are found in air, water and in some other consumer products in the form of heavy metals. Biomedical research has shown that exposure to heavy metals is an important source of DNA damage in human beings and in animals. Heavy metals like iron, copper, chromium, lead, zinc, mercury, nickel etc. and reactive oxygen species enhance peroxidation of lipids and DNA damage. Elements like arsenic, nickel and cadmium are the ambassadors of mutagenic changes in cell. In mammalian cells it was found that DNA single strand breaks chromosomal aberrations occurred and sister chromatids exchange due to various nickel salts. It is now a wellestablished fact that cadmium causes cancer in tissues of animals. Exposure to cadmium develops cancer in prostate gland, kidney, liver and stomach. Through base pair mutation cancer causing metals damage DNA. However, some heavy metals directly damage the DNA thus generating negative results. The synthesis of nucleic acids and proteins is affected by cadmium. However, cadmium does not have a strong mutagenic nature when compared to other heavy metals. The present review aims to prospect the exposure (of human beings and animals) to heavy metals, cause of different diseases in both and mutagenic effect of heavy metals on double strand repair.

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A systematic study of the disposition and metabolism of mercury species in mice after exposure to low levels of thimerosal (ethylmercury)

Cited by 38 publications

References 51 publications

A longitudinal cohort study of the relationship between Thimerosal-containing hepatitis B vaccination and specific delays in development in the United States: Assessment of attributable risk and lifetime care costs

A longitudinal cohort study of the relationship between Thimerosal-containing hepatitis B vaccination and specific delays in development in the United States: Assessment of attributable risk and lifetime care costs

Blood-Cerebrospinal Fluid Barrier

DNA Damage by Heavy Metals in Animals and Human Beings: An Overview

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