A Systematic Review on Zinc for the Prevention and Treatment of Age-Related Macular Degeneration

Vishwanathan, Rohini; Chung, Mei; Johnson, Elizabeth J.

doi:10.1167/iovs.12-11552

Cited by 69 publications

(54 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…A systematic review of these trials with zinc was published recently [76]. Ten studies were included: four randomized clinical trials, four prospective cohorts, and two retrospective cohort studies analyzing the effect of zinc intake, both from supplements and/or foods in the treatment and primary prevention.…”

Section: Zinc Supplementationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The risk of visual acuity loss was of similar magnitude, but not statistically significant. Other two randomized clinical trials showed a statistically significant increase in visual acuity in early AMD patients and the other one revealed no effect of zinc treatment on visual acuity in advanced AMD patients [76]. Furthermore, results from the remaining six cohort studies on associations between zinc intake and incidence of AMD were inconsistent.…”

Section: Zinc Supplementationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Furthermore, results from the remaining six cohort studies on associations between zinc intake and incidence of AMD were inconsistent. The authors of the systematic review concluded, based on the strength of AREDS, that zinc treatment may be effective in preventing progression to advanced AMD but zinc supplementation alone may not be sufficient to produce clinically meaningful changes in visual acuity [76]. …”

Section: Zinc Supplementationmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Nutritional and Lifestyle Interventions for Age‐Related Macular Degeneration: A Review

Carneiro

Andrade

2017

Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity

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Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is the leading cause of blindness in the developed world. In this narrative review, we will summarize the nutritional interventions evaluated in numerous observational studies and a few randomized clinical trials. The AREDS and AREDS2 studies demonstrated that supplements including vitamins C and E, beta-carotene, and zinc may reduce the progression to advanced AMD, in some patients, by 25% in five years. This is one of the few nutritional supplements known to have beneficial effects in any eye disease. Lutein/zeaxanthin supplementation may have beneficial effects in some individuals whereas omega-3 fatty acids supplementation needs to be further investigated and supported by more evidence. Genetic factors may explain the different patterns of response and explain differences found among individuals. More importantly, a combination of lifestyle behaviors such as the avoidance of smoking, physical activity, and the adoption of a healthy dietary pattern like the Mediterranean diet was associated with a lower prevalence of AMD. The adoption of these lifestyles may reduce the prevalence of the early stages of AMD and decrease the number of individuals who develop advanced AMD and consequently the onerous and climbing costs associated with the treatment of this disease.

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Section: Zinc Supplementationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Zinc Supplementationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Zinc Supplementationmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Nutritional and Lifestyle Interventions for Age‐Related Macular Degeneration: A Review

Carneiro

Andrade

2017

Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity

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“…63 However, no apparent effect of lower-dose zinc on progression to advanced AMD was found in the latter AREDS2 study, 64 and current evidence on zinc intake for the prevention of AMD is inconclusive. 65 How zinc supplementation may help to slow down the progression of AMD is not quite understood, and an increase of zinc availability would have multiple effects. For instance, at intermediate and late stages of AMD, cellular zinc concentration could be lower as a result of the formation of a higher number of sub-RPE deposits and zinc supplementation might trigger uptake of zinc into the RPE-choroid complex, 66 helping to maintain the retinal functions.…”

Section: The Zinc-mt Redox Cycle and Its Potential Implication In Amdmentioning

confidence: 99%

Metallothioneins (MTs) in the human eye: a perspective article on the zinc–MT redox cycle

et al. 2014

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Metallothioneins (MTs) are zinc-ion-binding proteins with a wide range of functions, among which are neuroprotection, maintenance of cellular zinc homeostasis, and defense against oxidative damage and inflammation. The human eye is enriched in MTs, and multiple isoforms may contribute to distinct antioxidant defense mechanisms in various ocular tissues. Zinc is a main regulator of MT gene and protein expression, and we recently applied bioanalytical techniques to address key questions on its relationship with MTs, including the stoichiometry of zinc-MT, the fate of zinc tracers ((nat)Zn and (68)Zn) in MTs during activation by exogenous zinc and cytokines, and the concentration of MTs in human ocular cells. We found that exogenously introduced zinc induced a potent de novo synthesis of MTs as well as a strong inhibition of pro-inflammatory cytokines. Zinc and cytokines also promote a stoichiometric transition of the MT complex from Zn6Cu1-MT to Zn7-MT, suggesting that MTs may interact more effectively with reactive oxygen species to decrease potential oxidative damage. Levels of MTs decrease with aging and disease, which may result in zinc release that is potentially cytotoxic. This state is also observed with increased oxidative stress and inflammation, suggesting that the antioxidant function of MTs has been impaired. In this review we propose a working model of the "zinc-metallothionein redox cycle" to regenerate and enhance the antioxidant function of MTs with the aim of combating the progression of these disease states.

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“…Preincubation dramatically reduced the levels of hydrogen peroxideinduced protein and lipid peroxidation, and DNA damage in HLECs. Most, but not all, epidemiological studies have supported a role for L and Z in the prevention of cataract (see the recent review by Vishwanathan et al, 2013). The strongest link appears to be with nuclear cataract, and to a lesser degree, posterior subcapsular cataract (with little or no association to cortical cataract).…”

Section: Prevention Of Ocular Photodegradation Through Endogenous Andmentioning

confidence: 99%

Oxidative photodegradation of ocular tissues: Beneficial effects of filtering and exogenous antioxidants

Hammond

Johnson

George

2014

Experimental Eye Research

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The fact that light is necessary for life is generally accepted as an axiom. The extent to which light interacts and influences human biology, however, is often not fully appreciated. Exposure to sunlight, for instance, can both promote and degrade human health. There is now general scientific consensus that, although the eye evolved to respond to light, it is also damaged by excessive exposure. Light-mediated ocular damage is involved in the pathophysiology of many common forms of blindness. The type of ocular tissue damage induced by light exposure depends on the extent of exposure and wavelength. The tissues of the lens, cornea, and retina contain specific chemical moieties that have been proven to exhibit light-mediated oxidative degradation. Proteins and lipids present in the cornea, lens, and retina, meet all of the physical requirements known to initiate the process of oxidative photodegradation upon exposure to solar radiation. As such, different mechanisms have evolved in the lens, cornea, and retina to ameliorate such light-mediated oxidative damage. It appears, however, that such mechanisms are ill-matched to handle modern conditions: namely, poor diet and longer life-spans (and the degenerative diseases that accompany them). Hence, steps must be taken to protect the eye from the damaging effects of light. Preventative measures include minimizing actinic light exposure, providing exogenous filtering (e.g., through the use of protective lenses), and enhancing antioxidant defenses (e.g., through increased dietary intake of antioxidants). These strategies may yield long-term benefits in terms of reducing oxidative photodegradation of the ocular tissues.

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A Systematic Review on Zinc for the Prevention and Treatment of Age-Related Macular Degeneration

Cited by 69 publications

References 30 publications

Nutritional and Lifestyle Interventions for Age‐Related Macular Degeneration: A Review

Nutritional and Lifestyle Interventions for Age‐Related Macular Degeneration: A Review

Metallothioneins (MTs) in the human eye: a perspective article on the zinc–MT redox cycle

Oxidative photodegradation of ocular tissues: Beneficial effects of filtering and exogenous antioxidants

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