A systematic review on the application of vascular endothelial growth factors in preeclampsia

Abstract

Background: Hypertensive disorders of pregnancy (HDP) is a disease associated with elevated blood pressure during pregnancy, accounting for 5-10% of all pregnancies, which includes: gestational hypertension, preeclampsia (PE), eclampsia, chronic hypertension with superimposed PE and chronic hypertension. PE is the most prevalent type of HDP that seriously threatens the life and health of mothers and infants. In-depth exploration of the pathogenesis can play an early role in predicting the disease.Methods: A literature search was conducted in PubMed, Embase, Google Scholar, and other databases in the article. It was investigated by searching for literature published between 1993 and March 2021; the subject terms included-"vascular endothelial growth factor", "preeclampsia", and "pathogenesis". In the article, the inclusion criteria of literature should meet the definition of PE. It was excluded as reviews, case reports, narrative reviews, and publications that lack key information.Results: Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) family factor research provides pivotal value for early clinical prediction of PE. Soluble fms-like tyrosine kinase-1 (sFlt-1)/placental growth factor (PlGF) became a marker for early prediction of PE. Through the included 51 articles, the analysis of VEGF in PE and its pathway factors was summarized to clarify the pathogenesis further and provide innovative ideas for future research directions and clinical diagnosis.Discussion: A systematic review of the VEGF family in the pathogenesis of PE was concluded in the study to find angiogenesis markers of PE from the pathogenesis of the available literature. Therefore, early intervention of clinical diseases could reduce maternal complications and ensure the maximum health of mothers and babies. There are differences in the research results of factors in the VEGF family, and further research is needed to provide accurate clinical evidence.

Neurodevelopmental Disruptions in Children of Preeclamptic Mothers: Pathophysiological Mechanisms and Consequences

“…VEGF is part of the endothelial growth factor family consisting of VEGF-A, VEGF-B, VEGF-C, VEGF-D, VEGF-E, VEGF-F, PGF, and endocrine gland-derived VEGF (EG-VEGF) [73,74]. VEGF interacts with receptor 1 (VEGFR1 (Flt1)) and receptor 2 (VEGFR2 (KDR/FlK1)) to carry out its functions and is a key protein in the neural and vascular development of the brain [28,75].…”

“…VEGF interacts with receptor 1 (VEGFR1 (Flt1)) and receptor 2 (VEGFR2 (KDR/FlK1)) to carry out its functions and is a key protein in the neural and vascular development of the brain [28,75]. When binding to VEGF-R2, VEGF regulates the development of morphological features of cerebral blood vessels and vascular permeability [76,77], as well as the dendrogenesis and somatogenesis of Purkinje cells [73,[78][79][80][81][82]. For example, given that VEGF is a signal for neuronal migration and a facilitator of the stimulation of action potentials, it has been suggested that a decrease in the expression of this factor-for example, at the cerebellar level-could deregulate the molecular signaling cascades involved in vascular restructuring, synapses, and, therefore, functional processes.…”

Review of Laboratory Testing and Biomarker Screening for Preeclampsia

“…PlGF is predominantly expressed in the placenta and has a major role in the development and maturation of the placental vascular system. PlGF supports trophoblast growth, and low levels of PlGF are a marker for abnormal placentation, which is seen in preeclampsia [19,20]. Figure 1 shows that patients with preeclampsia have lower levels of circulating PlGF concentrations than those without preeclampsia.…”

Diagnostic and Prognostic Value of Deregulated Long Non-Coding RNA Plasmacytoma Variant Translocation 1 in Patients with Gestational Hypertension

“…Hypertensive disorders of pregnancy (HDP) are a group of diseases including gestational hypertension (GH), preeclampsia (PE), pregnancy complicated with chronic hypertension, chronic hypertension complicated with pre-eclampsia (Liu et al 2021. Patients may be accompanied by systemic multiple organ dysfunction, such as renal insufficiency, liver damage, nervous system, and blood system complications (Joo et al 2021).…”