A Systematic review on Prevalence, Serotypes and Antibiotic resistance of Salmonella in Ethiopia, 2010–2022

Abstract

Background In Ethiopia, salmonellosis is one of the most common zoonotic and foodborne illnesses. Ethiopia continues to be at risk for its fast-expanding medication resistance. For the development of preventative and control methods, summarized knowledge regarding salmonellosis is necessary. Determining a thorough evaluation of the prevalence, serotypes, and antibiotic resistance of Salmonella in humans and animals from January 1, 2010, to December 30, 2022, in Ethiopia was our goal. Methods To find Salmonella related articles that published in English, we used the Google Scholar and PubMed search engines. Three researchers conducted the eligible studies using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) checklist, making sure to include the necessary keywords. If studies were duplicates, incomplete publications, or reported without an antimicrobial test were excluded. Excel 2013 was used to calculate frequencies and tabulate data. Results There were a total of 43 investigations from food handlers, diarrhoeic patients, and animals. The prevalence rates ranged from 1% to 10% and 1% to 13% among food handlers and diarrhoea patients, respectively. The highest prevalence was among pigs (41.6%). S. Anatum in animals and S. Typhimurium in people were the predominant serotypes. Amoxicillin and ampicillin were claimed to be 100% resistant in human studies. The highest recorded resistances for ceftriaxone and ciprofloxacin were 16.7% and 100%, respectively. Animal studies revealed that Salmonella resistances to ampicillin, streptomycin and tetracycline were 100%, 90%, 86.4%, respectively. S. Kentucky showed complete resistance to tetracycline, ampicillin, gentamicin, ciprofloxacin, and streptomycin. Conclusion The prevalence of Salmonella among asymptomatic food handlers, diarrheal patients and animals were high in Ethiopia. S. Typhimurium that have the zoonotic importance was presented predominantly in human study. High levels of resistances were showed to tetracycline, ampicillin and streptomycin in animal studies. Salmonellosis prevention and control techniques should be strengthened.

Prevalence and Antimicrobial Resistance Diversity of Salmonella Isolates in Jiaxing City, China

“…In this study, we determined the prevalence and genetic diversity of Salmonella strains isolated from clinical and food samples collected in Jiaxing City, China. The detection rate of Salmonella among individuals with diarrhea was 3.98% (200/5019), which was consistent with previous findings obtained in Ethiopia and lower than that in Shanghai [34,35]. Several studies have demonstrated the dominant prevalence of monophasic S. Typhimurium in human, food, and environmental samples [36,37].…”

Characteristics of Nontyphoid Salmonella Isolated from Human, Environmental, Animal, and Food Samples in Burkina Faso: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

“…S. Croft II and S. Jodhpur II were observed only in the environmental samples. In this review, we found that S. Typhi was highly prevalent in humans and was also reported in Ethiopia [ 81 ], China [ 82 ], the Middle East, and North Africa [ 58 ]. According to reports from sub-Saharan African nations, S. Typhimurium is one of the invasive forms of NTS, especially among susceptible people, such as those with HIV, malnourished children, and malaria [ 10 , 83 ].…”