A systematic review on dry-land strength and conditioning training on swimming performance

Abstract

Objectives.-The objective of this review was to examine the effects of dry-land strength and conditioning (S&C) training on swimming, and starts and turns performances. News.-S&C training is a common practice in swimming aiming to enhance performance or to prevent injuries. However, studies regarding the effects of S&C on swimming performance are scarce; the influence of age, gender or competitive level is even scarcer. Prospects and projects.-After a structured literature search, sixteen studies were included in the current review. Of those, seven did not report any positive or negative effects on swimming performance. Contrarily, most studies with positive effects were conducted with older swimmers whereas maximal strength was the most effective methodology for improving swimming performance. S&C plyometric training is suggested to be the most effective method to

The Effects of Anaerobic Swim Ergometer Training on Sprint Performance in Adolescent Swimmers

“…Resistance exercise training can be functionally defined as the progressive overload of a skeletal muscle that is characterized by high muscle contraction force and anaerobic ATP resynthesis (Schumann & Rønnestad, 2019). Past studies involving a dryland resistance strength training intervention added to swimming training load have reported significant improvements in performance (N M Amaro et al, 2019;Crowley, Harrison, & Lyons, 2017;Schumann & Rønnestad, 2019). Girold et al (2012), Girold et al (2007), Strass (1988) and Aspenes et al (2009) all found that traditional upper-limb resistance-training methods increased dryland strength and consequently improved swimming performance (Aspenes, Kjendlie, Hoff, & Helgerud, 2009;Sébastien Girold et al, 2012;Sebastien Girold, Maurin, Dugue, Chatard, & Millet, 2007;Strass, 1988)Each of these studies employed training plans with low repetition ranges (1-6 repetitions), a low number of sets (≤3 sets), and high velocity increase.…”

“…important for sprint swimming performance(N M Amaro et al, 2019;Nuno M Amaro, Marinho, Marques, Batalha, & Morouço, 2017;Manning, Dooly-Manning, Terrell, & Salas, 1986;Sadowski, Mastalerz, Gromisz, & Niźnikowski, 2012). A recent systematic review found training for power positively influences short-distance swimming(N M Amaro et al, 2019). A training program based on power was applied to a group of adolescent swimmers (16.49 ± 0.84 years)(Sadowski et al, 2012).…”

“…Authors compared the new explosiveness-focused training plan to the normal swimming training program the team was following. The explosiveness group was asked to perform as many repetitions as they could in a specific time, while the control group had no restrictions on the time of execution to complete the reps/sets(N M Amaro et al, 2019). Both groups observed improvements in dryland strength, but no swimming improvements were reported at the end of the six-week training plan.…”

Plyometric Training Improves Swimming Performance in Recreationally-Trained Swimmers

“…It is recognised that strength training improves swimming performance. 1 In a short-distance swimming race (i.e. 50-200m), the strength of the lower extremities takes greater preponderance than in a long-distance endurance challenge (i.e.…”

“…In fact, recently, a review indicated that some strength training could be questionable in low-level competitive swimmers. 1 The aim of this study was to observe changes in the thigh girth, hamstring flexibility, squat jump height, and 200m swimming time trial in recreationally-trained adult swimmers after PT.…”