A systematic review of the impacts and management of introduced deer (family Cervidae) in Australia

Davis, Naomi E.; Bennett, Ami; Forsyth, David M.; Bowman, David M. J. S.; Lefroy, EC; Wood, Samuel W.; Woolnough, Andrew P.; West, Peter; Hampton, Jordan O.; Johnson, Christopher N.

doi:10.1071/wr16148

Cited by 122 publications

(188 citation statements)

References 82 publications

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“…Recreational hunting of deer is popular in Australia, particularly in the south-eastern corner and along the eastern coast where most wild deer populations occur (Moriarty 2004;Davis et al 2016). In the state of Victoria alone, 32 306 people were licenced to hunt deer in 2016 (Game Management Authority 2016), harvesting~100 000 deer (Table 4; Game Management Authority 2017).…”

Section: Recreational Deer Huntersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Heads in the sand: public health and ecological risks of lead-based bullets for wildlife shooting in Australia

et al. 2018

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Lead (Pb) is a toxic element banned from fuel, paint and many other products in most developed countries. Nonetheless, it is still widely used in ammunition, including rifle bullets, and Pb-based bullets are almost universally used in Australia. For decades, poisoning from Pb shot (shotguns) has been recognised as a cause of disease in waterfowl and Pb shot has been subsequently banned for waterfowl hunting in many jurisdictions. However, the risks posed by Pb-based bullets (rifles) have not been similarly recognised in Australia. Pb-based rifle bullets frequently fragment, contaminating the tissue of shot animals. Consuming this Pb-contaminated tissue risks harmful Pb exposure and, thus, the health of wildlife scavengers (carrion eaters) and humans and their companion animals who consume harvested meat (game eaters). In Europe, North America and elsewhere, the environmental and human health risks of Pb-based bullets are widely recognised, and non-toxic alternatives (e.g. copper-based bullets) are increasingly being used. However, Australia has no comparable research despite widespread use of shooting, common scavenging by potentially susceptible wildlife species, and people regularly consuming shot meat. We conclude that Australia has its collective 'head in the sand' on this pressing worldwide One Health issue. We present the need for urgent research into this field in Australia.

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Section: Recreational Deer Huntersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Heads in the sand: public health and ecological risks of lead-based bullets for wildlife shooting in Australia

et al. 2018

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“…), and some have the potential to substantially expand their current geographic ranges (Davis et al . ). There is particular interest in understanding how invading non‐native deer interact with Australia's apex predator, the dingo ( Canis familiaris (Jackson et al .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…; Davis et al . ). Furthermore, dingoes could also potentially reduce deer abundances through predation, particularly of neonates (i.e.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…Native to India, Sri Lanka and south‐east Asia (Leslie ), sambar deer were introduced to south‐east Australia during the 1860s and have subsequently colonized large areas in Victoria and New South Wales (Davis et al . ), where there are concerns about their impacts on plant communities (Forsyth & Davis ). In their native range, sambar deer are an important prey of the cooperative hunting dhole ( Cuon alpinus ; 15−17 kg) (Hayward et al .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Functional responses of an apex predator and a mesopredator to an invading ungulate: Dingoes, red foxes and sambar deer in south‐east Australia

et al. 2018

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Biological invasions by large herbivores involve the establishment of novel interactions with the receiving mammalian carnivore community, but understanding these interactions is difficult due to the large spatiotemporal scales at which such dynamics would occur. We quantified the functional responses of a native apex predator (the dingo (Canis familiaris), which includes wild dogs and their hybrids) and a non-native mesopredator (red fox; Vulpes vulpes) to an invading non-native ungulate (sambar deer; Cervus unicolor) in Australia. We predicted that the apex predator would exhibit a stronger functional response to increasing sambar deer abundance than the mesopredator. We used a state-space model to link two 30-year time series: (i) sambar deer abundance (hunter catch-per-unit-effort); and (ii) percentages of sambar deer in dingo (N = 4531) and fox (N = 5002) scats. Sambar deer abundance increased over fourfold during 1984À2013. The percentages of sambar deer in dingo and fox scats increased during this 30-year period, from nil in both species in 1984 to 8.2% in dingoes and 0.5% in foxes in 2013. Dingoes exhibited a much stronger functional response to increasing sambar deer abundance than foxes. The prediction that invading deer would be utilized more by the apex predator than by the mesopredator was therefore supported. The increasing abundance of sambar deer during the period 1984À2013 provided an increasingly important food source for dingoes. In contrast, the smaller red fox utilized sambar deer much less. Our study demonstrates that prey enrichment can be an important consequence of large herbivore invasions and that the effect varies predictably with the trophic position of the mammalian carnivores in the receiving community.

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“…Although this is important for farmed herbivores, it also has implications for studies on wild animals where GPS-type data may provide location and the IMASEN could reveal the details of vegetation choice (see Frank, Wallen & White, 2016 and references therein), not least because such choice informs ecologists about how it structures the plant community (De Vries et al, 2018). This is important in native species but may become critical when considering invasive species (see e.g., (Davis et al, 2016) and references therein).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The ability of magnetic field sensors to monitor feeding in three domestic herbivores

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et al. 2018

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The rate at which animals ingest food is a fundamental part of animal ecology although it is rarely quantified, with recently-developed animal-attached tags providing a potentially viable approach. However, to date, these methods lack clarity in differentiating various eating behaviours, such as ‘chewing’ from ‘biting’. The aims of this study were to examine the use of inter-mandibular angle sensors (IMASENs), to quantify grazing behaviour in herbivores including cattle (Bos taurus), sheep (Ovis aries) and pygmy goats (Capra aegagrus hircus) eating different foodstuffs. Specifically, we aimed to: (1) quantify jaw movements of each species and determine differences between biting and chewing; (2) assess whether different food types can be discerned from jaw movements; and (3) determine whether species-specific differences in jaw movements can be detected. Subjects were filmed while consuming concentrate, hay, grass and browse to allow comparison of observed and IMASEN-recorded jaw movements. This study shows that IMASENs can accurately detect jaw movements of feeding herbivores, and, based on the rate of jaw movements, can classify biting (taking new material into the mouth) from chewing (masticating material already in the mouth). The biting behaviours associated with concentrate pellets could be identified easily as these occurred at the fastest rate for all species. However, the rates of chewing different food items were more difficult to discern from one another. Comparison of chew:bite ratios of the various food types eaten by each species showed no differences. Species differences could be identified using bite and chew rates. Cattle consistently displayed slower bite and chew rates to sheep and pygmy goats when feeding, while sheep and pygmy goats showed similar bite and chew rates when feeding on concentrate pellets. Species-specific differences in chew:bite ratios were not identified. Magnetometry has the potential to record quantitative aspects of foraging such as the feeding duration, food handling time and food type. This is of major importance for researchers interested in both captive (e.g., agricultural productivity) and wild animal foraging dynamics as it can provide quantitative data with minimal observer interference.

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A systematic review of the impacts and management of introduced deer (family Cervidae) in Australia

Cited by 122 publications

References 82 publications

Heads in the sand: public health and ecological risks of lead-based bullets for wildlife shooting in Australia

Heads in the sand: public health and ecological risks of lead-based bullets for wildlife shooting in Australia

Functional responses of an apex predator and a mesopredator to an invading ungulate: Dingoes, red foxes and sambar deer in south‐east Australia

The ability of magnetic field sensors to monitor feeding in three domestic herbivores

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