A systematic review of the clinical, public health and cost-effectiveness of rapid diagnostic tests for the detection and identification of bacterial intestinal pathogens in faeces and food

Abstract

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Immunological Methods for the Detection of Campylobacter spp. - Current Applications and Potential Use in Biosensors

“…Immunoassays based on latex agglutination, developed in the late 1980s, are of limited use because they can only confirm culture results, and may detect closely-related organisms (Haymann 2004). Several EIAs are commercially available for use directly with clinical stool samples, and in some studies have performed as good or better than the standard culture techniques for detecting C. jejuni and C. coli, and possibly C. upsaliensis, and are comparable to nucleic acid tests (Abubakar et al, 2007) but not in all cases. Of the four EIAs commercially available in the USA for direct detection of Campylobacter in stool specimens, two are microplate-based and two are incorporated in lateral flow devices (Table 1).…”

“…The fact that variations appear to be dependent on the test format and manufacturer suggests that these assays could be improved (See Section 4). A limitation for the adoption of EIAs is the prohibitive cost of adopting these rapid tests in combination with routine culture methods (Abubakar et al, 2007).…”

“…A meta-analysis of the clinical utility of the ProSpecT assay in relationship to standard culture-based methods (Abubakar et al, 2007) included four studies (Dediste et al, 2003;Endtz et al, 2000;Hindiyeh et al, 2000;Tolcin et al, 2000) that were chosen using QUADAS, an evidence-based tool for the quality assessment of diagnostic studies (Whiting et al, 2003) ( (Tribble et al, 2008). In another study, culture-based methods were less sensitive than PCR and the ProSpecT assay (Granato et al, 2010).…”

Integrated optical biosensor for rapid detection of bacteria

“…Rapid microbiological tests and reagents range from simple biochemical or immunological techniques to direct specimen tests using a combination of sophisticated instrumentation, software, consumables, and reagents (as recent reviews, see [1,2]). Specific detection, quantitative, or identification methodologies may be employed, depending upon the desired approach, epidemiological significance, and degree of identification required.…”

A Rapid and Simple Real-Time PCR Assay for Detecting Foodborne Pathogenic Bacteria in Human Feces

“…Recent technological advances have substantially improved diagnostic testing for the rapid detection of numerous pathogenic bacteria. However, despite the fact that the traditional culture methods require longer than 1 week to complete, in many microbiology laboratories, they remain the standard for identifying bacterial pathogens that cause foodborne illnesses (1). In traditional culture methods, bacterial pathogens are first isolated from human feces and then identified via culture using differential media.…”