A systematic review of the costs of diagnosis for multidrug-resistant/extensively drug-resistant TB in different settings

Abstract

BACKGROUND: We performed an analysis of the cost and relative merits of different strategies for the diagnosis of multidrug-resistant/extensively drug-resistant TB (MDR/XDR-TB) in different settings.METHODS: We systematically reviewed the published evidence on cost/cost-effectiveness of rapid MDR/pre-XDR-TB and other methods for XDR-TB testing up to September 2022. PRISMA guidelines were followed. Collected data were analysed using Stata v17 software. Cost data were reported in USD ($) and summarised by mean, standard deviation, and range. Country income level was defined according to the World Bank country classification. Three simplified scenarios were also used to explore testing implications, based on low, intermediate and high TB incidence.RESULTS: Of 157 records, 25 studies were included with 24 reporting the cost of Xpert/RIF and two that evaluated the implementation of the MTBDRplus test. The total rapid test cost ranged from $12.41–$218, including $1.13–$74.60 for reagents/consumables and $0.40–$14.34 for equipment.CONCLUSION: The cost of MDR/XDR-TB diagnostics is lower in low resource settings. However, the cost-effective implementation of MDR/XDR-TB diagnostic algorithms requires careful consideration of local resources to avoid missed identification and the use of inappropriate regimen.

2022 TB programme review in Pakistan: strengthening governance, with better patient diagnosis and treatment

“…Insufficient diagnostic accuracy leads to false-positive and false-negative results and a failure to diagnose drug resistance leads to the prescription of inadequate regimens. 16 , 17 …”

Drug-resistant tuberculosis is a global cause of concern

“…Omkostningerne ved denne er lave [9], men sensitiviteten er vaesentligt ringere end ved dyrkningsbaseret resistensbestemmelse [25]. Derudover findes bl.a.…”