A systematic review of the antipsychotic properties of cannabidiol in humans

Iseger, Tabitha A.; Bossong, Matthijs G.

doi:10.1016/j.schres.2015.01.033

Cited by 215 publications

(172 citation statements)

References 76 publications

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“…CBD also possesses antipsychotic properties [2,[57][58][59][60][61]. Not surprisingly, and as witnessed in the aforementioned preclinical data, CBD has been shown to reduce anxiety in patients with social phobia and generalized social anxiety disorders [62][63][64].…”

Section: Cbd and Neurobiological Targets/effectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Early Phase in the Development of Cannabidiol as a Treatment for Addiction: Opioid Relapse Takes Initial Center Stage

et al. 2015

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Multiple cannabinoids derived from the marijuana plant have potential therapeutic benefits but most have not been well investigated, despite the widespread legalization of medical marijuana in the USA and other countries. Therapeutic indications will depend on determinations as to which of the multiple cannabinoids, and other biologically active chemicals that are present in the marijuana plant, can be developed to treat specific symptoms and/or diseases. Such insights are particularly critical for addiction disorders, where different phytocannabinoids appear to induce opposing actions that can confound the development of treatment interventions. Whereas Δ 9 -tetracannabinol has been well documented to be rewarding and to enhance sensitivity to other drugs, cannabidiol (CBD), in contrast, appears to have low reinforcing properties with limited abuse potential and to inhibit drug-seeking behavior. Other considerations such as CBD's anxiolytic properties and minimal adverse side effects also support its potential viability as a treatment option for a variety of symptoms associated with drug addiction. However, significant research is still needed as CBD investigations published to date primarily relate to its effects on opioid drugs, and CBD's efficacy at different phases of the abuse cycle for different classes of addictive substances remain largely understudied. Our paper provides an overview of preclinical animal and human clinical investigations, and presents preliminary clinical data that collectively sets a strong foundation in support of the further exploration of CBD as a therapeutic intervention against opioid relapse. As the legal landscape for medical marijuana unfolds, it is important to distinguish it from Bmedical CBD^and other specific cannabinoids, that can more appropriately be used to maximize the medicinal potential of the marijuana plant.

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Section: Cbd and Neurobiological Targets/effectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Early Phase in the Development of Cannabidiol as a Treatment for Addiction: Opioid Relapse Takes Initial Center Stage

et al. 2015

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“…4). Selecting for chemotype III B CBDAS genotypes may prove especially beneficial for development of uniform plant lines for hemp fibre, seed, and pharmacological production, given the strong association between chemotype III and THC content \0.2 % DW (Pacifico et al 2008;, and growing interest in CBD(V)A and CBD(V) derivatives as pharmacological entities (De Petrocellis et al 2011;Gallily et al 2015;Hill et al 2013;Iseger and Bossong 2015). However, additional cannabinoid profiling is required in order to differentiate cannabinoid homologue compositions and to characterise CBD total :-THC total chemotype II variability accurately.…”

Section: Characterisation Of Chemotypementioning

confidence: 99%

Characterisation of cannabinoid composition in a diverse Cannabis sativa L. germplasm collection

et al. 2015

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The ability to characterise cannabinoid chemical phenotype (chemotype) accurately is important for the development of Cannabis sativa L. cultivars specific for pharmacological, hemp fibre, or seed end use. Although a number of chemotyping and genotyping methods have previously been developed to predict and characterise cannabinoid composition, only a subset of the gene pool has been examined. A representative survey from a wide range of geographically and genetically diverse C. sativa accessions using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) cannabinoid profiling together with dominant and co-dominant DNA marker assays was performed. Overall variability of chemotype across the gene pool was found to be three-fold greater within heterozygote genotypes than previously reported. Interestingly, an individual plant of East Asian origin was found to exhibit a rare propyl alkyl cannabinoid homologue and a chemotype inconsistent with the predicted genotype. We propose that in order to carry out comprehensive screening of genetic resource collections and to identify chemotypic variants specific for end-use pharmacological applications, a strategy which adopts both cannabinoid profiling and the co-dominant DNA marker assay is required. Further research with consideration of propyl-alkyl-cannabinoid homologues should explore the relationship between chemotype and genotype in greater detail.

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“…Whereas CBD is very well tolerated and has few psychoactive effects on its own [79], it counteracts several effects of THC and other CB 1 R agonists in healthy subjects [80], including anxiety, euphoria, and psychosis [3,73,81]. CBD has also been shown to attenuate THC-induced memory impairment [80].…”

Section: Cbdmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In a series of functional magnetic resonance imaging experiments in which CBD and THC were administered to healthy human subjects, the 2 compounds produced largely opposite patterns of activation during tasks involving memory, emotional processing, salience, and response inhibition in key brain regions implicated in schizophrenia, such as the striatum, prefrontal cortex, and hippocampus [3,81]. There is also evidence that using cannabis with a higher CBD/ THC ratio is associated with a lower risk of psychotic disorders, subthreshold psychotic symptoms, and cognitive changes related to psychosis [3], from both studies analyzing THC and CBD concentrations in hair samples [83,84], and from a study analyzing the content of the cannabis that subjects reported regularly using [85]. Cannabis users have been found to have evidence for neurotoxicity in the prefrontal cortex based on lower levels of N-acetylaspartic acid measured by proton magnetic spectroscopy, which reflects neuronal integrity [86].…”

Section: Cbdmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Cannabis sativa is the most commonly used illicit substance globally, and its main psychoactive component, Δ 9 -tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), has been widely recognized for its ability to cause acute psychotic symptoms and cognitive impairment similar to schizophrenia [3,4]. Cannabis is also the most commonly abused illicit substance amongst people with schizophrenia, and there is substantial evidence that continued use after a schizophrenia diagnosis is associated with worsening psychotic symptoms, relapse, and decreased functioning over time [4,5].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Cannabinoids and Schizophrenia: Risks and Therapeutic Potential

Manseau

Goff

2015

Neurotherapeutics

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A convergence of evidence shows that use of Cannabis sativa is associated with increased risk of developing psychotic disorders, including schizophrenia, and earlier age at which psychotic symptoms first manifest. Cannabis exposure during adolescence is most strongly associated with the onset of psychosis amongst those who are particularly vulnerable, such as those who have been exposed to child abuse and those with family histories of schizophrenia. Schizophrenia that develops after cannabis use may have a unique clinical phenotype, and several genetic polymorphisms may modulate the relationship between cannabis use and psychosis. The endocannabinoid system has been implicated in psychosis both related and unrelated to cannabis exposure, and studying this system holds potential to increase understanding of the pathophysiology of schizophrenia. Anandamide signaling in the central nervous system may be particularly important. Δ 9 -Tetrahydrocannabinol in cannabis can cause symptoms of schizophrenia when acutely administered, and cannabidiol (CBD), another compound in cannabis, can counter many of these effects. CBD may have therapeutic potential for the treatment of psychosis following cannabis use, as well as schizophrenia, possibly with better tolerability than current antipsychotic treatments. CBD may also have antiinflammatory and neuroprotective properties. Establishing the role of CBD and other CBD-based compounds in treating psychotic disorders will require further human research.

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A systematic review of the antipsychotic properties of cannabidiol in humans

Cited by 215 publications

References 76 publications

Early Phase in the Development of Cannabidiol as a Treatment for Addiction: Opioid Relapse Takes Initial Center Stage

Early Phase in the Development of Cannabidiol as a Treatment for Addiction: Opioid Relapse Takes Initial Center Stage

Characterisation of cannabinoid composition in a diverse Cannabis sativa L. germplasm collection

Cannabinoids and Schizophrenia: Risks and Therapeutic Potential

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