A systematic review of the prevalence of anxiety symptoms during coronavirus epidemics

Silva, Marianne Lucena da; Rocha, Rodrigo Santiago Barbosa; Buheji, Mohamed; Jahrami, Haitham; Cunha, Katiane da Costa

doi:10.1177/1359105320951620

Cited by 68 publications

(67 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…A large number of studies support that the conclusion that the novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) and its corresponding disease (COVID- 19) have dramatically impacted people's mental health and behavior [1][2][3][4][5], with very few studies suggesting otherwise [6]. Mental health hotlines in the United States experienced 1,000% increases during the month of April, when most people were under lockdown because of the pandemic [7].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Psychological impacts from COVID-19 among university students: Risk factors across seven states in the United States

et al. 2021

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Background University students are increasingly recognized as a vulnerable population, suffering from higher levels of anxiety, depression, substance abuse, and disordered eating compared to the general population. Therefore, when the nature of their educational experience radically changes—such as sheltering in place during the COVID-19 pandemic—the burden on the mental health of this vulnerable population is amplified. The objectives of this study are to 1) identify the array of psychological impacts COVID-19 has on students, 2) develop profiles to characterize students' anticipated levels of psychological impact during the pandemic, and 3) evaluate potential sociodemographic, lifestyle-related, and awareness of people infected with COVID-19 risk factors that could make students more likely to experience these impacts. Methods Cross-sectional data were collected through web-based questionnaires from seven U.S. universities. Representative and convenience sampling was used to invite students to complete the questionnaires in mid-March to early-May 2020, when most coronavirus-related sheltering in place orders were in effect. We received 2,534 completed responses, of which 61% were from women, 79% from non-Hispanic Whites, and 20% from graduate students. Results Exploratory factor analysis on close-ended responses resulted in two latent constructs, which we used to identify profiles of students with latent profile analysis, including high (45% of sample), moderate (40%), and low (14%) levels of psychological impact. Bivariate associations showed students who were women, were non-Hispanic Asian, in fair/poor health, of below-average relative family income, or who knew someone infected with COVID-19 experienced higher levels of psychological impact. Students who were non-Hispanic White, above-average social class, spent at least two hours outside, or less than eight hours on electronic screens were likely to experience lower levels of psychological impact. Multivariate modeling (mixed-effects logistic regression) showed that being a woman, having fair/poor general health status, being 18 to 24 years old, spending 8 or more hours on screens daily, and knowing someone infected predicted higher levels of psychological impact when risk factors were considered simultaneously. Conclusion Inadequate efforts to recognize and address college students’ mental health challenges, especially during a pandemic, could have long-term consequences on their health and education.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This country continues to witness the highest incidence and mortality rates among Global North countries [26]. Such high rates aggravate the psychological impacts of the disease on infected and non-infected individuals [1].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Psychological impacts from COVID-19 among university students: Risk factors across seven states in the United States

et al. 2021

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“…COVID-19 has presented unexpected and significant stressors that have been demonstrated to negatively impact mental health worldwide [10,12]. While for some individuals, the mental health impacts are considerable, including posttraumatic stress disorder, self-harm, and suicidal ideation [20,41], most people will experience mild to moderate symptoms of stress, anxiety, and low mood [11,42,43]. Such subclinical symptoms have been shown to be particularly responsive to self-directed mental health interventions, including virtual resources [44].…”

Section: Principal Findingsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Use of Asynchronous Virtual Mental Health Resources for COVID-19 Pandemic–Related Stress Among the General Population in Canada: Cross-Sectional Survey Study

Richardson¹,

Slemon²,

Gadermann³

et al. 2020

J Med Internet Res

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Background The COVID-19 pandemic has resulted in profound mental health impacts among the general population worldwide. As many in-person mental health support services have been suspended or transitioned online to facilitate physical distancing, there have been numerous calls for the rapid expansion of asynchronous virtual mental health (AVMH) resources. These AVMH resources have great potential to provide support for people coping with negative mental health impacts associated with the pandemic; however, literature examining use prior to COVID-19 illustrates that the uptake of these resources is consistently low. Objective The aim of this paper is to examine the use of AVMH resources in Canada during the COVID-19 pandemic among the general population and among a participant subgroup classified as experiencing an adverse mental health impact related to the pandemic. Methods Data from this study were drawn from the first wave of a large multiwave cross-sectional monitoring survey, distributed from May 14 to 29, 2020. Participants (N=3000) were adults living in Canada. Descriptive statistics were used to characterize the sample, and bivariate cross-tabulations were used to examine the relationships between the use of AVMH resources and self-reported indicators of mental health that included a range of emotional and coping-related responses to the pandemic. Univariate and fully adjusted multivariate logistic regression models were used to examine associations between sociodemographic and health-related characteristics and use of AVMH resources in the subgroup of participants who reported experiencing one or more adverse mental health impacts identified in the set of self-reported mental health indicators. Results Among the total sample, 2.0% (n=59) of participants reported accessing AVMH resources in the prior 2 weeks to cope with stress related to the COVID-19 pandemic, with the highest rates of use among individuals who reported self-harm (n=5, 10.4%) and those who reported coping “not well” with COVID-19–related stress (n=22, 5.5%). Within the subgroup of 1954 participants (65.1% of the total sample) who reported an adverse mental health impact related to COVID-19, 54 (2.8%) reported use of AVMH resources. Individuals were more likely to have used AVMH resources if they had reported receiving in-person mental health supports, were connecting virtually with a mental health worker or counselor, or belonged to a visible minority group. Conclusions Despite substantial government investment into AVMH resources, uptake is low among both the general population and individuals who may benefit from the use of these resources as a means of coping with the adverse mental health impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic. Further research is needed to improve our understanding of the barriers to use.

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“…In the United States the COVID-19 Impact Survey found that 34.4% of households with children ≤ 12 years old were food insecure in April 2020, compared with 15.1% in 2018 (7) . Further, multiple studies have found that the COVID-19 pandemic and lockdowns have negatively affected mental health in diverse contexts and populations (8,9) . Nevertheless, evidence on food insecurity and mental health in LMICs, particularly in Latin America, that compares rates before and during the pandemic are limited.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Coronavirus disease 2019, food security and maternal mental health in Ceará, Brazil: a repeated cross-sectional survey

Rocha

Sudfeld

Leite

et al. 2021

Public Health Nutr.

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Objective To quantify the change in the risk of food insecurity and maternal mental disorder (MMD) before and during the COVID-19 pandemic. Design Repeated cross-sectional survey. Between July 17 and September 10, 2020, mother-child pairs who were enrolled in a population-based survey in 2017 were re-contacted by telephone for consent and to complete a telephonic COVID-19 survey. We used the Brazilian Food Insecurity Scale to assess food security and the Self Reporting Questionnaire (SRQ-20) to assess maternal mental disorders. McNemar’s test for paired data that also accounted for clustering was used. Logistic regression was used to assess the relationship of unemployment and receipt of government assistance with food insecurity and MMD in 2020. Setting Ceará, Brazil. Participants 577 mother-child pairs who completed the 2017 and 2020 surveys. At the time of the 2020 interview, the child cohort was 36-108 months of age. Results The proportion of mothers reporting food insecurity was 15.5% higher (95% CI: (5.9 – 25.1), p-value < 0.001) during the pandemic in July-August 2020 as compared to November 2017, while the prevalence of MMD was 40.2% higher during the pandemic (95% CI: 32.6 – 47.8, p-value < 0.001). Loss of formal employment was associated with increased risk of food insecurity, but not with the risk of MMD. Conclusions The risk of food insecurity and MMD in Ceará increased during the COVID-19 pandemic. These findings highlight the need for policies and interventions to reduce the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on maternal and child health, nutrition, and well-being in Brazil.

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A systematic review of the prevalence of anxiety symptoms during coronavirus epidemics

Cited by 68 publications

References 37 publications

Psychological impacts from COVID-19 among university students: Risk factors across seven states in the United States

Psychological impacts from COVID-19 among university students: Risk factors across seven states in the United States

Use of Asynchronous Virtual Mental Health Resources for COVID-19 Pandemic–Related Stress Among the General Population in Canada: Cross-Sectional Survey Study

Coronavirus disease 2019, food security and maternal mental health in Ceará, Brazil: a repeated cross-sectional survey

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