A Systematic Review of the Factors Associated with Cervical Cancer Screening Uptake among Women in Low and Middle-Income Countries

Faradisa, Elok; Ardiana, Husna; Priyantini, Diah; Fauziah, Anis; Susanti, Inta

doi:10.20473/jn.v15i1sp.18991

Cited by 8 publications

(5 citation statements)

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“…With regard to socio-cognitive factors, our findings confirmed those of previous studies [ 49 ], including those that had been performed in Low-middle income countries [ 46 , 50 ] that knowledge about the disease and awareness of the possibility to be screened are significant predictors of screening intention. This is similar to what has been found among females in this context [ 36 ].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

“…In India, cervical cancer screening is available for minimum cost in district hospitals and selected health centres, which sometimes charge a fee for the procedure. This explains the role of geographical and financial inaccessibility of cervical screening for many women, as highlighted in previous studies in the same context [ 15 , 46 , 63 , 66 – 68 ]. But in addition to these physical and structural barriers, it is also important to address social barriers, for which the engagement of family and community in CCS prevention is key [ 12 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 52%

“…One of the various factors that may influence screening uptake by women in the target group is the lack of support from their partners. While previous research has shown that women’s willingness to be screened for cervical cancer depends on their husbands’ opinion or approval [ 18 , 44 ], a lack of such approval has been identified as a social barrier to participating in screening for many women in India [ 15 , 19 , 20 , 45 ] and in other LMICs [ 46 ]. Therefore, the WHO recommends education of males to increase their willingness to encourage and support their partners [ 17 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Factors explaining men’s intentions to support their partner’s participation in cervical cancer screening

et al. 2022

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Background Cervical cancer represents a high burden of disease. Many women in low- and middle-income countries face opposition from their partners and families to undergo cervical cancer screening. Identifying the social, cultural, and psychological factors that underly the opposition to screening by male partners is an important step towards reducing barriers for men to support their wives’ participation in cervical screening. This study explored the role of structural and psychological factors deriving from theoretical models as determinants of Indian men’s opposition to their partners being screened for cervical cancer. Methods A survey among 500 sexually active males was conducted between April 2020 and August 2020 to measure knowledge of cervical cancer and screening, awareness of screening possibilities, attitude towards screening, perceived barriers to screening, and health literacy. Regression analysis was performed to assess which of the potential factors contributed to the intention to support their wives’ screening. Results The majority of participants had very poor knowledge and awareness about cervical cancer and screening procedures, tended towards a negative attitude towards screening, and perceived several structural barriers. Attitude towards the screening procedure and routine participation in general screening significantly predicted their intention to support their wives’ screening for cervical cancer. Education moderated the association between knowledge and awareness and the intention to support their wives’ screening. Conclusion As women often rely on their spouses’ financial and emotional support of cervical screening, there is a need for men to be encouraged to support their wives’ screening participation. Programs to encourage men to support their wives’ cervical screening should focus on their attitude towards screening, educate about cervical cancer and screening procedures, and reduce perceived barriers.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 52%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Factors explaining men’s intentions to support their partner’s participation in cervical cancer screening

et al. 2022

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“…, 2017 ). Other studies show that intrapersonal and organizational factors are the most important factors that influence women to undergo cervical cancer screening ( Faradisa et al. , 2020 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Barriers to cervical cancer and breast cancer screening uptake in low- and middle-income countries: a systematic review

Srinath

Merode

Rao

et al. 2022

Health Policy and Planning

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There is an alarmingly high growth in breast and cervical cancers in low-and-middle-income countries. Due to late presentation to the doctors, there is a lower cure rate. The screening programs in low-and-middle-income countries are not comprehensive. In this paper, we systematically analyse the barriers to screening through an accessibility framework. We performed a systematic literature search in PubMed, Mendeley and Google Scholar to retrieve all English language studies (quantitative, qualitative and mixed-methods) that contained information on breast and cervical cancer screening in low-and-middle-income countries. We only considered publications published between the 1st of January 2016 and the 31st of May 2021. The review was guided by PRISMA-S, an extension to the PRISMA Statement for Reporting Literature Searches in Systematic Reviews. The search yielded a total of 67 articles from low-and-middle-income countries in this review. We used a framework on accessibility known as the 5A framework, which distinguishes five aspects of access: approachability, acceptability, availability, affordability and appropriateness, to classify the screening barriers. We added two more aspects: awareness and angst, as they could explain other important barriers to screening. They confirmed how the lack of awareness, cost of the screening service and distance to the screening centre act as major impediments to screening. They also revealed how embarrassment and fear of screening and cultural factors such as lack of spousal or family support could be obstacles to screening. We conclude that more needs to be done by policymakers and governments to improve the confidence of the people in the health systems Women should be made aware of the causes and risk factors of cancer through evidence-based strategies so that there is an increased adherence to screening.

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“…The emergence of this theme suggests that there is signi cant room for improvement in the health outreach and screening promotion activities currently being implemented in rural areas. Improving knowledge about cervical cancer and screening services is important because studies across a range of low-and middle-income countries and in Bolivia itself suggest that knowledge is a crucial factor in screening uptake [19][20][21][22][23] The need for more intensive health education may be particularly acute for men because their misconceptions seem to be more pronounced than women's and because they seemed eager to support their partners in attending health information sessions and screening services. Any future cervical cancer screening education in Bolivia should clarify how often screening should be done and when and where it is available, as this was a frequent knowledge gap in our study.…”

Section: Low Knowledgementioning

confidence: 99%

Community and Provider Perceptions and Experiences of Cervical Cancer Screening in Rural Bolivia: A Qualitative Study

Basagoitia

Burrowes

Solis

et al. 2023

Preprint

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Background: Despite efforts to increase cervical cancer screening access in rural Bolivia, uptake remains low. Bolivia has one of the highest cervical cancer mortality rates in the Americas. As it redoubles efforts to deliver universal health care, the Bolivian government needs information on the factors constraining cervical cancer screening access, and utilization, especially in rural areas. Methods: Our qualitative study explored cervical cancer screening barriers and described community and provider perceptions and experiences of care. Bolivian and US researchers analyzed data collected from eight focus groups with male and female community members (n=80) and interviews with healthcare providers (n=6) in four purposively selected rural communities in Monteagudo, Bolivia. Deductive and inductive codes were used to thematically analyze data using MaxQDA software. Results: Four themes emerged from the data: lack of knowledge/misconceptions, health system inadequacy, lack of confidence in providers, and opportunities for improvement. Both men and women displayed misconceptions about the causes of cervical cancer, its consequences, the recommended screening frequency, and the means of accessing care. Providers noted community members’ lack of knowledge and low risk-perception as utilization barriers but also highlighted poor health service quality and inconsistent health education as factors. Poor healthcare quality was a significant barrier; this included poor patient-provider communication, lack of transportation to screening facilities, and severe delays in receiving test results. Providers also noted problems with provider training and physical space for screening. Community members reported low confidence in nurses to perform screening, preferring doctors and specialists. They also expressed discomfort in having male healthcare providers conduct screening. Providers reported low confidence in government officials to support cervical cancer screening improvements. Suggestions for improvements included more intensive cervical cancer outreach to rural areas, mobile screening, and having specialists train lower-level providers to perform screening. Conclusions: Our findings suggest that poor healthcare quality has affected screening uptake in addition to physical barriers to care. They indicate a need for initiatives to reduce reporting time for Pap test results, the incorporation of community-based HPV self-testing into screening protocols, and the implementation of programs to improve community confidence in providers’ ability to perform screening.

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A Systematic Review of the Factors Associated with Cervical Cancer Screening Uptake among Women in Low and Middle-Income Countries

Cited by 8 publications

References 0 publications

Factors explaining men’s intentions to support their partner’s participation in cervical cancer screening

Factors explaining men’s intentions to support their partner’s participation in cervical cancer screening

Barriers to cervical cancer and breast cancer screening uptake in low- and middle-income countries: a systematic review

Community and Provider Perceptions and Experiences of Cervical Cancer Screening in Rural Bolivia: A Qualitative Study

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