A Systematic Review of the Effects of Equol (Soy Metabolite) on Breast Cancer

Hod, Rafidah; Maniam, Sandra; Nor, Nurul Huda Mohd

doi:10.3390/molecules26041105

Cited by 17 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 82 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…This could influence the global results of studies. Overall, it seems that S -equol has more anticancer than oncogenic effects, although future studies should specify the required concentration of 9 [ 57 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phytoestrogens and Breast Cancer: Should French Recommendations Evolve?

Mauny

Faure

Derbré

2022

Cancers

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Breast cancer (BC) occurs less frequently in Asia, where there is high soy consumption. It has been hypothesized that soy isoflavones could be protective against BC recurrence and mortality. At the same time, health organizations in several countries have differing recommendations for soy consumption (soy foods or dietary supplements) in BC survivors. The objective of this review is to analyze the literature and to determine whether it is justified to advise avoiding soy in dietary supplements and/or food in women with a history of BC. We conducted a systematic literature search with the Medline/Pubmed and Web of Science databases. Only prospective cohort studies published since 2009 were retained. The endpoint of studies was BC recurrence and/or mortality, and the association with soy isoflavone intake was specifically targeted. Seven studies were included. None of these studies found statistically significant adverse effects of soy consumption on BC recurrence or mortality (specific or all-cause). Overall, only one study was not able to find beneficial effects of soy intake on BC patients. The other studies concluded that there were positive associations but in very variable ways. Two studies found a decrease in BC recurrence associated with a higher isoflavone intake only for post-menopausal women. The other four studies concluded that there were positive associations regardless of menopausal status. Four studies showed better results on women with hormonal-sensitive cancer and/or patients receiving hormonal treatment. Only one found a stronger association for patients with ER-negative BC. No adverse effects of soy isoflavones on BC mortality/recurrence were found. Soy isoflavones may exert beneficial effects. These results coincide with other recent works and suggest that soy isoflavone intake is safe for BC survivors. Thus, these data no longer seem to coincide with the French recommendations, which could then be brought to evolve. However, in order to confirm the current results, larger studies are needed.

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phytoestrogens and Breast Cancer: Should French Recommendations Evolve?

Mauny

Faure

Derbré

2022

Cancers

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Gercel-Taylor, et al [ 83 ] demonstrated an inhibitory effect of genistein on ovarian cancer cell growth, and daidzein is effective in inhibiting the proliferation of lung cancer both in vitro and in vivo [ 84 ]. Additionally, the presence of equol and O -DMA has been associated with the inhibition of cancer cell proliferation and a chemoprotective role in the prevention of several cancers [ 85 , 86 , 87 ].…”

Section: Effects Of the Isoflavones Metabolism By Labmentioning

confidence: 99%

Isoflavone Metabolism by Lactic Acid Bacteria and Its Application in the Development of Fermented Soy Food with Beneficial Effects on Human Health

Langa

Peirotén

Curiel

et al. 2023

Foods

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Isoflavones are phenolic compounds (considered as phytoestrogens) with estrogenic and antioxidant function, which are highly beneficial for human health, especially in the aged population. However, isoflavones in foods are not bioavailable and, therefore, have low biological activity. Additionally, their transformation into bioactive compounds by microorganisms is necessary to obtain bioavailable isoflavones with beneficial effects on human health. Many lactic acid bacteria (LAB) can transform the methylated and glycosylated forms of isoflavones naturally present in foods into more bioavailable aglycones, such as daidzein, genistein and glycitein. In addition, certain LAB strains are capable of transforming isoflavone aglycones into compounds with a greater biological activity, such as dihydrodaidzein (DHD), O-desmethylangolensin (O-DMA), dihydrogenistein (DHG) and 6-hydroxy-O-desmethylangolensin (6-OH-O-DMA). Moreover, Lactococcus garviae 20-92 is able to produce equol. Another strategy in the bioconversion of isoflavones is the heterologous expression of genes from Slackia isoflavoniconvertens DSM22006, which have allowed the production of DHD, DHG, equol and 5-hydroxy-equol in high concentrations by engineered LAB strains. Accordingly, the consequences of isoflavone metabolism by LAB and its application in the development of foods enriched in bioactive isoflavones, as well as health benefits attributed to their consumption, will be addressed in this work.

show abstract

“…It can regulate cellular pathways, such as inhibition of matrix metalloproteins that abrogates metastasis and increases demethylation of BRCA1 and BRCA2 87 . S‐equol has also been reported to alter the activity of breast cancer resistance proteins, cell proliferation, and apoptosis 88 . Furthermore, free fatty acids (FFA) of varied chain lengths are produced by gut microbiota.…”

Section: Influence Of Gut Microbiome Composition On Incidence and Pro...mentioning

confidence: 99%

“… 87 S‐equol has also been reported to alter the activity of breast cancer resistance proteins, cell proliferation, and apoptosis. 88 Furthermore, free fatty acids (FFA) of varied chain lengths are produced by gut microbiota. The activation of FFA receptor 2 (FFAR2) by short chain fatty acids leads to elevated levels of E‐cadherin in mesenchymal cells that indicates the potential of this metabolite in mesenchymal‐to‐epithelial transition, thereby decreasing metastasis.…”

Section: Influence Of Gut Microbiome Composition On Incidence and Pro...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Gut microbiome influences incidence and outcomes of breast cancer by regulating levels and activity of steroid hormones in women

2023

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

BackgroundBreast cancer, the leading cancer type in women worldwide, is affected by reproductive and nonreproductive factors. Estrogen and progesterone influence the incidence and progression of breast cancer. The microbiome of the gut, a complex organ that plays a vital role in digestion and homeostasis, enhances availability of estrogen and progesterone in the host. Thus, an altered gut microbiome may influence the hormone‐induced breast cancer incidence. This review describes the current understanding of the roles of gut microbiome in influencing the incidence and progression of breast cancer, with an emphasis on the microbiome‐induced metabolism of estrogen and progesterone.Recent FindingsMicrobiome has been recognized as a promising hallmark of cancer. Next‐generation sequencing technologies have aided in rapid identification of components of the gut microbiome that are capable of metabolizing estrogen and progesterone. Moreover, studies have indicated a wider role of the gut microbiome in metabolizing chemotherapeutic and hormonal therapy agents and reducing their efficacy in patients with breast cancer, with a predominant effect in postmenopausal women.ConclusionThe gut microbiome and variations in its composition significantly alter the incidence and therapy outcomes of patients with breast cancer. Thus, a healthy and diverse microbiome is required for better response to anticancer therapies. Finally, the review emphasizes the requirement of studies to elucidate mechanisms that may aid in improving the gut microbiome composition, and hence, survival outcomes of patients with breast cancer.

show abstract

A Systematic Review of the Effects of Equol (Soy Metabolite) on Breast Cancer

Cited by 17 publications

References 82 publications

Phytoestrogens and Breast Cancer: Should French Recommendations Evolve?

Phytoestrogens and Breast Cancer: Should French Recommendations Evolve?

Isoflavone Metabolism by Lactic Acid Bacteria and Its Application in the Development of Fermented Soy Food with Beneficial Effects on Human Health

Gut microbiome influences incidence and outcomes of breast cancer by regulating levels and activity of steroid hormones in women

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About