A Systematic Review of Studies on Blood Pressure in Iranian Pediatric Population: First Report From the Middle East and North Africa

Fallah, Zahra; Djalalinia, Shirin; Qorbani, Mostafa; Farzadfar, Farshad; Kelishadi, Roya

doi:10.5812/ijp.4496

Cited by 5 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 42 publications

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“…The current findings regarding the considerable prevalence of pre-hypertension and hypertension, among Iranian adolescents, are consistent with some previous regional reports, indicating high blood pressure to be a nationwide problem among this age group in Iran [6, 7]. However, due to age variations, the comparison of the current results with other nationwide studies focused on Iranian school-aged children would be difficult [24, 25].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

“…It is well documented that hypertension beginning in childhood and adolescence is a predictor of high blood pressure in adulthood, contributing to early development of CVD disorders [5]. Although the latest pooled prevalence of hypertension among Iranian children and adolescents was estimated to be 8.9%, slightly higher in boys than girls (10.3% vs 9.1%), and has a wide range (4.2 to 24.2%) in different ages and residential areas of Iran [6, 7]. Hypertension is reported to be the most common comorbidity of overweight/obesity, showing an increasing trend in Iranian children as a probable consequence of their lifestyle changes through recent decades [8, 9].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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National trends of pre-hypertension and hypertension among Iranian adolescents across urban and rural areas (2007–2011)

et al. 2019

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Background The current nationwide study, for the first time, aimed to assess and compare the trend of pre-hypertension and hypertension among urban and rural adolescents in Iran. Methods This study has been conducted in the framework of the National Surveys of Risk Factors for Non-Communicable Diseases. To estimate pre-hypertension and hypertension prevalence among 9715 adolescents, aged 15–19 years, data collected in four repeated cross-sectional surveys (2007–2011) has been used. The prevalence trends of pre-hypertension and hypertension were examined across urban and rural areas of Iran. To calculate the adjusted prevalence ratios (PRs) of pre-hypertension and hypertension over cycles across area of residence and genders, a complex sample survey and multinomial logistic analysis were performed. Results Using the definition of pre-hypertension and hypertension presented by the seventh Joint National Committee (JNC-VII) for adolescents, after adjusting for confounders, the prevalence of pre-hypertension changed in both urban (boys:28.96% to 29.24% and girls:18.33% to 20.06%) and rural (boys 31.58% to 32.05% and girls 22.25% to 24.13%) areas over the study duration. Non-significant rising prevalence of hypertension was also observed in boys and girls of both regions (urban 12.76% to 15.04% and 8.02% to 9.06%; rural 9.95% to 11.79% and 10.35% to 11.60%, for boys and girls respectively). The adjusted prevalence ratios (PRs) of pre-hypertension (2.16; 95% CI 1.68–2.79 and 1.92, 95% CI 1.57–2.34, in urban and rural, respectively) and hypertension (2.40; 95% CI 1.65–3.51 and 1.82, 95% CI 1.36–2.45, in urban and rural, respectively) were higher in boys than girls. Comparing the adjusted PRs of pre-hypertension and hypertension in urban versus rural areas, in both genders, showed higher PRs of pre-hypertension in rural girls (1.33, 95% CI 1.01–1.75). Conclusion The current results showed high constant trends of pre-hypertension and hypertension in Iranian boys and girls, residing in both urban and rural areas.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

National trends of pre-hypertension and hypertension among Iranian adolescents across urban and rural areas (2007–2011)

et al. 2019

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“…The prevalence of high blood pressure (HBP) in children and adolescents is globally increasing 1,2 . HBP through childhood is associated with adult onset hypertension and it is considered to be a major cardiovascular (CVD) risk factor and a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in adults 3 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Performance of modified blood pressure‐to‐height ratio for diagnosis of hypertension in children: The CASPIAN‐V study

Yazdi

Assadi

Daniali

et al. 2020

J of Clinical Hypertension

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This study aimed to evaluate the accuracy and performance of modified blood pressure‐to‐height ratio (MBPHR) for identifying high blood pressure (HBP) in a large population of children. This multicentric cross‐sectional study was conducted on a nationally representative sample of 7349 Iranian students aged 7‐12 years living in 30 provinces in Iran. High systolic blood pressure and diastolic blood pressure were defined according to the 2017 American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) guidelines. The BP‐to height ratio (BPHR) was calculated as BP (mmHg)/height (cm), MBPHR3 as BP (mmHg)/(height (cm) + 3 (13‐age)), and MBPHR7 as BP (mmHg)/(height (cm) + 7 (13‐age). The receiver‐operating characteristic curve analysis was used to evaluate the performance of these three ratios for identification of HBP in children compared to the 2017 AAP guidelines as the gold standard. Mean age of participants was 12.29 ± 3.15 years and 3736 (50.8%) were girls. The prevalence of HBP was 11.9% (11.5% in boys, 12.3% in girls). The area under the curve (AUC) was higher for MSBPHR3/MDBPHR3 (0.97/0.98) than MSBPHR7/MDBPHR7 (0.96/0.97) and SBPHR/DBPHR (0.96/0.95) for identifying high Systolic and diastolic BP. The optimal cut‐off points for MSBPHR3/MDBPH, MSBPHR7/MDBPHR7, and SBPHR/DBPHR were 0.76/0.50, 0.69/0.46, and 0.81/0.52 respectively. Negative predictive value was nearly perfect for three ratios (≥98%). Positive predictive value was higher for MBPHR3 (52.7%) than MBPHR7 (51.0%) and BPHR (39.8%). Overall, MBPHR3 had better performance than MBPHR7 and BPHR for identification of HBP in Iranian children and it may improve early hypertension recognition and control in primary screening.

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“…As cardiovascular health in early life is highly correlated with CVD status in adulthood, assessment of CVD risk factors becomes an important task in childhood and adolescence [ 3 ]. There has been a rising trend in unhealthy lifestyles as well as CVD risk factors among adolescents residing in the MENA region, leading to premature CVD events [ 4 – 7 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Changes in ideal cardiovascular health among Iranian adolescents: 2007–2008 to 2015–2017

et al. 2022

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Background Assessment of both behavior and factors of health as ideal cardiovascular health (iCVH) in adolescence could contribute to cardiovascular disease prevention in adulthood. Aims To explore the changes in the prevalence of iCVH and its components during a decade among Tehranian adolescents. Methods The 12–19 years old adolescents were selected from the Tehran Lipid and Glucose Study(TLGS). The iCVH score was calculated in the study period 1 (2007–2008; n = 267) and 2 (2015–2017; n = 336). To calculate iCVH, body mass index(BMI), systolic and diastolic blood pressure (BP), total cholesterol, fasting plasma glucose (FPG), physical activity, smoking status, and dietary intakes were measured by standard protocols. The changes in iCVH components between the two study periods were reported by prevalence (95% confidence interval). A logistic regression model was conducted to test the effects of study periods, sex, and age groups on the iCVH(≥ 6 scores). Results Overall, there was a reduction in the prevalence of ideal FPG (97.4 vs. 91.1%) and ideal BP(91.8 vs. 82.7%). Girls had a decrease in the prevalence of ideal BP(91.2 vs. 79.4%) as well as an increase in non-smoking status(77.6 vs. 89.7%). However, the prevalence of ideal FPG (96.5 vs. 88.5%) and ideal BP(92.2 vs 85.0%) decreased in boys. Study period 2, compared to period 1 was associated with lower odds of having iCVH. Furthermore, boys were 1.57 folds more likely to have ideal CVH factors than girls. Conclusion There was a decrease in the prevalence of ideal CVD metrics, including FPG and BP, after one decade. Generally, adolescent boys had higher odds of having ideal CVH compared to girls.

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A Systematic Review of Studies on Blood Pressure in Iranian Pediatric Population: First Report From the Middle East and North Africa

Cited by 5 publications

References 42 publications

National trends of pre-hypertension and hypertension among Iranian adolescents across urban and rural areas (2007–2011)

National trends of pre-hypertension and hypertension among Iranian adolescents across urban and rural areas (2007–2011)

Performance of modified blood pressure‐to‐height ratio for diagnosis of hypertension in children: The CASPIAN‐V study

Changes in ideal cardiovascular health among Iranian adolescents: 2007–2008 to 2015–2017

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