A systematic review of smoking-related epigenetic alterations

Kaur, Gagandeep; Begum, Rizwana; Thota, Shilpa; Batra, Sanjay

doi:10.1007/s00204-019-02562-y

Cited by 66 publications

(57 citation statements)

References 128 publications

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“…The other limitation of our study is that the cohort we used is small. There are other clinicopathological factors such as smoking status 45 and treatment history that may also contribute to the upregulation or downregulation of exosomal miRNAs. Therefore, these four miRNAs need to be tested in other cohorts to validate their roles as potential immunotherapy biomarkers.…”

Section: Open Accessmentioning

confidence: 99%

Correlation of plasma exosomal microRNAs with the efficacy of immunotherapy inEGFR/ALKwild-type advanced non-small cell lung cancer

Peng

Yu²,

Wu³

et al. 2020

J Immunother Cancer

130

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BackgroundImmunotherapy has become an important treatment option for patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). At present, none of these existing biomarkers can effectively stratify true responders and there is an urgent need for identifying novel biomarkers. Exosomes derived from the serum of patients with cancer have been proven to be reliable markers for cancer diagnosis. Here, we explored the possibility of using plasma-derived exosomal microRNAs as potential biomarkers for optimal selection of patients with advancedEGFR/ALKnegative NSCLC to immunotherapy.MethodsFrom June 2017 to February 2019, 30 patients with advancedEGFR/ALKwild-type (WT) NSCLC who received PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors were enrolled. The efficacy evaluation was conducted after every three cycles of treatment according to RECIST 1.1. Plasma samples of these patients were collected before the administration of PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors as baseline, and after every three cycles if the patients achieved partial response (PR) or complete response. Plasma from seven healthy individuals was also collected as normal control. Exosomes were prepared by ultracentrifugation followed by total RNA extraction, and exosome-derived miRNAs were profiled using small RNA next-generation sequencing followed by differential expression analysis.ResultsIn order to identify biomarker for better response, all five patients who achieved PR and four patients with progressive disease (PD) at efficacy evaluation were included for differential expression analysis. Based on unsupervised hierarchical clustering, exosomal miRNA expression profile was significantly altered in patients with NSCLC compared with normal controls with a total of 155 differentially expressed exosomal miRNAs. Interestingly, hsa-miR-320d, hsa-miR-320c, and hsa-miR-320b were identified significantly upregulated in the PD groups compared with the PR group at baseline before the treatment. In addition, we identified that hsa-miR-125b-5p, a T-cell suppressor, showed a trend of increased expression in the PD group at baseline and was significantly downregulated in the post-treatment plasma exosomes compared with pre-treatment samples of the PR patients.ConclusionPatients with NSCLC represent unique plasma exosomal miRNA profiles. Hsa-miR-320d, hsa-miR-320c, and hsa-miR-320b were identified as potential biomarkers for predicting the efficacy of immunotherapy in advanced NSCLCs. When T-cell suppressor hsa-miR-125b-5p was downregulated during the treatment, the patients may obtain increased T-cell function and respond well to immunotherapy.

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Section: Open Accessmentioning

confidence: 99%

Correlation of plasma exosomal microRNAs with the efficacy of immunotherapy inEGFR/ALKwild-type advanced non-small cell lung cancer

Peng

Yu²,

Wu³

et al. 2020

J Immunother Cancer

130

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…Despite this remarkable precision, however, blood miRNA profiling tends to produce equivocal results in the context of schizophrenia, with biomarker candidates varying across independent studies (91)(92)(93). While this variability may arise from various cofounding effects, including differences in the type of tissue, low sample size, and smoking-related epigenetic effects (94), it may also mirror the disorder's etiological (and phenotypic) heterogeneity (95,96).…”

Section: Noncoding Rnasmentioning

confidence: 99%

Epigenetic Modifications in Schizophrenia and Related Disorders: Molecular Scars of Environmental Exposures and Source of Phenotypic Variability

Richetto

Meyer

2021

Biological Psychiatry

113

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Epigenetic modifications are increasingly recognized to play a role in the etiology and pathophysiology of schizophrenia and other psychiatric disorders with developmental origins. Here, we summarize clinical and preclinical findings of epigenetic alterations in schizophrenia and relevant disease models and discuss their putative origin. Recent findings suggest that certain schizophrenia risk loci can influence stochastic variation in gene expression through epigenetic processes, highlighting the intricate interaction between genetic and epigenetic control of neurodevelopmental trajectories. In addition, a substantial portion of epigenetic alterations in schizophrenia and related disorders may be acquired through environmental factors and may be manifested as molecular "scars." Some of these scars can influence brain functions throughout the entire lifespan and may even be transmitted across generations via epigenetic germline inheritance. Epigenetic modifications, whether caused by genetic or environmental factors, are plausible molecular sources of phenotypic heterogeneity and offer a target for therapeutic interventions. The further elucidation of epigenetic modifications thus may increase our knowledge regarding schizophrenia's heterogeneous etiology and pathophysiology and, in the long term, may advance personalized treatments through the use of biomarker-guided epigenetic interventions.

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“…Smoking has also been shown to affect methylation of tumor suppressor genes, both in human case-control studies [19] and in experiments conducted on mice [20]. Aberrant methylation of gastric mucosal genes is a common finding in humans infected with Helicobacter pylori and is an early event in gastric carcinogenesis [21].…”

Section: Epigenetic Factors and Environmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Factors Influencing Epigenetic Mechanisms: Is There A Role for Bariatric Surgery?

Metere

Graves

2020

High-Throughput

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Epigenetics is the interaction between the genome and environmental stimuli capable of influencing gene expression during development and aging. A large number of studies have shown that metabolic diseases are highly associated with epigenetic alterations, suggesting that epigenetic factors may play a central role in obesity. To investigate these relationships, we focus our attention on the most common epigenetic modifications that occur in obesity, including DNA methylation and post-translational modifications of histones. We also consider bariatric surgery as an epigenetic factor, evaluating how the anatomic and physiologic modifications induced by these surgical techniques can change gene expression. Here we discuss the importance of epigenetic mechanisms in chronic disease and cancer, and the role of epigenetic disturbances in obesity, with a focus on the role of bariatric surgery.

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A systematic review of smoking-related epigenetic alterations

Cited by 66 publications

References 128 publications

Correlation of plasma exosomal microRNAs with the efficacy of immunotherapy inEGFR/ALKwild-type advanced non-small cell lung cancer

Correlation of plasma exosomal microRNAs with the efficacy of immunotherapy inEGFR/ALKwild-type advanced non-small cell lung cancer

Epigenetic Modifications in Schizophrenia and Related Disorders: Molecular Scars of Environmental Exposures and Source of Phenotypic Variability

Factors Influencing Epigenetic Mechanisms: Is There A Role for Bariatric Surgery?

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