A systematic review of simulated-patient methods used in community pharmacy to assess the provision of non-prescription medicines

Xu, Tina; Neto, Abilio C. de Almeida; Moles, Rebekah

doi:10.1111/j.2042-7174.2012.00201.x

Cited by 82 publications

(93 citation statements)

References 50 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…37 Hence, incorporating immediate performance feedback in this study ensured that the simulated patient exercise was not solely a means of assessment, but also a way for students to improve their skills. 22 Given that previous studies documenting improvements in behaviors have usually based their findings on self-reported behaviors, this study illustrates the potential for under-and overestimation of confidence in providing various MHFA actions when using self-report as the sole measure for behaviors. Despite these strengths, this study could have been improved by using a larger sample size of students to improve the generalizability of the findings.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 77%

“…18 Incorporating performance feedback in simulated patient studies is also recommended. 22 Hence, this study has two objectives. The first is to evaluate the impact of MHFA training on pharmacy students' communication and behavioral skills during roleplays with simulated patients, and to provide immediate performance feedback on these skills.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Assessing Mental Health First Aid Skills Using Simulated Patients

El-Den

Chen

Moles

et al. 2018

American Journal of Pharmaceutical Education

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Objective. To evaluate mental health first aid (MHFA) skills using simulated patients and to compare self-reported confidence in providing MHFA with performance during simulated patient roleplays. Methods. Pharmacy students self-evaluated their confidence in providing MHFA post-training. Two mental health vignettes and an assessment rubric based on the MHFA Action Plan were developed to assess students' observed MHFA skills during audio-recorded simulated patient roleplays.Results. There were 163 students who completed the MHFA training, of which 88% completed selfevaluations. There were 84% to 98% of students who self-reported that they agreed or strongly agreed they were confident providing MHFA. Postnatal depression (PND) and suicide vignettes were randomly assigned to 36 students. More students participating in the PND roleplay took appropriate actions, compared to those participating in the suicide role-play. However, more students participating in the suicide role play assessed alcohol and/or drug use. Ten (71%) participants in the PND roleplay and six (40%) in the suicide roleplay either avoided using suicide-specific terminology completely or used multiple terms rendering their inquiry unclear. Conclusion. Self-evaluated confidence levels in providing MHFA did not always reflect observed performance. Students had difficulty addressing suicide with only half passing the suicide vignette and many avoiding suicide-specific terminology. This indicates that both self-reported and observed behaviors should be used for post-training assessments.

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 77%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessing Mental Health First Aid Skills Using Simulated Patients

El-Den

Chen

Moles

et al. 2018

American Journal of Pharmaceutical Education

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…This was subsequently evaluated by the test buyers to reveal any possible deficiencies 13. The method is established internationally to determine the quality of advice provided by pharmacies 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessment of counselling for acute diarrhoea in German pharmacies: a simulated patient study†

Langer

Bull

Burgsthaler

et al. 2017

International Journal of Pharmacy Practice

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

ObjectivesThe aim of this study was to assess the quality of counselling provided for acute diarrhoea and to evaluate the role of the patient's approach and different user groups in determining the outcome of counselling.MethodsThe simulated patient methodology was used in all 21 community pharmacies in a north‐eastern German city. Four different scenarios related to self‐medication of acute diarrhoea were developed and used in all the pharmacies (a total of 84 visits). The assessment form, completed immediately postvisit by the simulated patient, included 9 objective items scored using dichotomous scales to produce a scale from 0 to 9. After evaluating the data, every pharmacy received individual performance feedback to encourage behavioural changes and improve the quality of the counselling provided.Key findingsOverall, the quality of counselling was poor (mean score of 3.3/9 (37%)). The most common information provided was about dosage (87% of interactions), while the least common information given was about side effects (4% of interactions). The main effect was seen when comparing the product and symptom requests (F(1,60) = 24.748, P < 0.001, ωp 2 = 0.277). There was no effect resulting from different user groups (F(1,28) = 0.237, P = 0.630, ωp 2 = −0.026) and no interaction between the type of request and different user groups (F(1,28) = 3.395, P = 0.076, ωp 2 = 0.073).ConclusionsThis study highlighted the current deficits in appropriate counselling provided by community pharmacies in Germany.

show abstract

“…24 This score sheet had been based on a previous mystery shopping project conducted in community pharmacy. 25 Consistent with the second year examinations, these assessments were performed by individuals holding a pharmacy degree from a university, were trained in the scenario, and the interactions were also audio-recorded to validate scoring across the four assessors.…”

Section: A J P E a C C E P T E D D R A F T A J P E A C C E P T E D D mentioning

confidence: 99%

Ability of Pharmacy Students, Pharmacists and Pharmacy Support Staff to Manage Childhood Fever via Simulation

Wigmore

Collins

Schneider

et al. 2018

American Journal of Pharmaceutical Education

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Objective. Fever is a common childhood symptom of illness often mismanaged by caregivers.Community pharmacies can provide an influential role in the education and management of fever.This study aimed to ascertain how pharmacy students (novices) and pharmacy staff (experts) respond to a childhood fever scenario.Methods. Data were collected from 65 second year students and 51 fourth (final) year students in an over-the-counter fever scenario during assessment tasks. Data from pharmacy staff were collected via mystery shopping conducted over nine weeks between March-October 2015. All encounters were immediately scored by the trained simulated client, and immediate feedback was provided for pharmacy staff and fourth year students. Questioning scores (WHAT) and proportions of competent participants were collected in all groups. Statistical comparative analyses were made between fourth year students and pharmacy staff. Pharmacy staff scores were also tracked over time.Results. Second year students performed well when questioning, achieving a median WHAT score of 100%. Conversely, pharmacy staff scored 22%. A large proportion of the fourth year students and pharmacy staff achieved appropriate outcomes (92% and 65% respectively), however a smaller proportion of second years performed well (52%). The pharmacy staff achieved statistical improvements over time for median WHAT scores (p<0.001). Conclusions.Protocol compliant questioning appears to decline with experience. However, experienced counsellors are more likely to provide appropriate patient advice. Further improvements in outcomes can also occur when staff are provided feedback and coaching. Mystery shopping simulations can be used as a valuable educational tool.

show abstract

A systematic review of simulated-patient methods used in community pharmacy to assess the provision of non-prescription medicines

Cited by 82 publications

References 50 publications

Assessing Mental Health First Aid Skills Using Simulated Patients

Assessing Mental Health First Aid Skills Using Simulated Patients

Assessment of counselling for acute diarrhoea in German pharmacies: a simulated patient study†

Ability of Pharmacy Students, Pharmacists and Pharmacy Support Staff to Manage Childhood Fever via Simulation

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About