A systematic review of risk assessment tools for early childhood caries: is there evidence?

Jørgensen, Mette Rose; Twetman, Svante

doi:10.1007/s40368-019-00480-2

Cited by 18 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…These models consider socioeconomic factors, general health, behavior, diet, oral hygiene, and clinical factors including saliva. 97,123,[156][157][158] CRA is considered a part of the best practices in caries management decision-making, including recall intervals, 91,97,123,159 with desirable effects mostly overweighting the undesirable effects. 160 The multivariate risk models have shown moderate to good accuracy for early childhood caries and lower accuracy for children, adolescents, 123 and adults.…”

Section: Individual Caries Risk Assessmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Risk factors for dental caries in Latin American and Caribbean countries

et al. 2021

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Identifying the risk factors for dental caries is vital in epidemiology and clinical practices for developing effective preventive strategies, both, at the individual and collective levels. Different causality/determination models have been proposed to understand the development process of dental caries. In the present review, we designed a model inspired by the world-known social determinants models proposed in the 90s and more recently in the 10s, wherein the contextual factors are placed more externally and encompass the individual factors. The contextual factors included those related to the cultural and societal values, as well as the social and health government policies. The individual factors were classified into the following categories: socioeconomic (social class, occupation, income, and education level), demographic characteristics (age, sex, and ethnicity), behavioral factors (non-use of fluoride dentifrice, sugar consumption, poor oral hygiene, and lack of preventive dental care), and biological factors (recent caries experience/active caries lesions, biofilm retentive factors, developmental defects of the enamel, disabilities, saliva amount and quality, cariogenic biofilm). Each of these variables was addressed, while focusing on the current evidence from studies conducted in Latin American and Caribbean countries (LACC). Based on the proposed model, educational aspects were addressed, and individual caries risk assessment and management decisions were proposed; further, implications for public health policies and clinical practice were described. The identification of modifiable risk factors for dental caries should be the basis for multi-strategy actions that consider the diversity of Latin American communities.

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Section: Individual Caries Risk Assessmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Risk factors for dental caries in Latin American and Caribbean countries

et al. 2021

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“…However, considering that the survey did not involve a clinical examination to detect early disease indicators (i.e., noncavitated carious lesions or white spots), and that the presence of active carious lesions (cavitated or not cavitated) put the subject at the high‐risk category, 33 there is a possibility that some students categorized themselves as low‐caries risk believing they did not have clinically visible noncavitated lesions. However, although CRA is a widely accepted and used canonical clinical procedure, 48,49 existent evidence has shown that no instrument can precisely and reliably predict caries risk 50‐52 . Therefore, all CRA methods should be considered subjective.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Conceptualization of dental caries by dental students is related to their preventive oral care routine

Fernández

Chanin

Appice

et al. 2020

Journal of Dental Education

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Objective Whether the understanding of dental caries influences how future dentists manage the disease themselves has not been previously studied. Thus, this study evaluated whether the conceptualization (understanding) of dental caries by dental students is related to their own preventive oral care routine. Methods Dental students at a U.S. dental school (n = 517) were invited to voluntarily respond to an anonymous electronic survey in spring 2018. Demographic characteristics, caries conceptualization (CC), dental care habits, and self‐caries risk determination were asked. Discursive responses to CC were analyzed by content analysis technique, and categories [c] were created. Chi‐square and Fisher's exact tests were used for analysis. Results Overall response rate was 54.5% (n = 282, 48.2% female). Three researchers independently analyzed discursive answers and classified them into 1 of 6 caries concept categories [c]: [c1] only signs of the disease (10.3%), [c2] bacterial disease‐not specifying bacterial metabolism (38.3%), [c3] bacterial byproducts‐not specifying substrate (13.8%), [c4] biological or multifactorial concept (24.8%), [c5] comprehensive multifactorial disease (8.2%), or [c6] other (4.6%). Only 33% completely defined dental caries according to the modern understanding of the disease (c4−c5). Statistical differences were found between: CC and diet modification, CC and rinsing after brushing, year of school (YS) and self‐determined caries‐risk, YS and brushing at school, and YS and rinsing after brushing (P < 0.05). Conclusion Our data suggest that the students’ understanding of the disease can influence how they will manage the disease in terms of diet modification and behavior after brushing. Moreover, self‐caries risk determination influenced students’ brushing behavior.

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“…The results from another Swedish County/Region presented in 2009 by Holgerson et al [31], where 2-year-olds were assessed with Cariogram and evaluated regarding caries at 7 years of age, showed a higher sensitivity (46%) but lower specificity (88%) than what was found in our study (14% and 97%, respectively). Cariogram is, anyhow, primarily designed for adults [47], why that method can possibly be developed further. Figure 1.…”

Section: Caries Risk Assessmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Early childhood caries risk assessment in 1-year-olds evaluated at 6-years of age

Hultquist

Brudin

Bågesund

2020

Acta Odontologica Scandinavica

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Objectives: The aim was to identify caries risk factors in 1-year-olds predicting dentine caries in 6year-olds. Materials and methods: Caries risk assessment was performed in 804 one-year-olds. Their parents answered a questionnaire, regarding family factors, general health, food habits and oral hygiene. Clinical examinations and caries risk assessments at 1, 3 and 6 years of age were performed. Simple and multiple regression analyses were used for identification of caries-associated factors. Results: Caries risk was found in 5% of the 1-year-olds, and 12% of the 3-year-olds. Dentine caries was found in 3% of the 3-year-olds and in 16% of the 6-year-olds. Caries risk assessment was associated with caries at 6 years of age (OR ¼ 5.1, p < .001). Multiple logistic regression analysis found the following variables associated with caries at 6 years of age: Caries in sibling (OR ¼ 2.1, p ¼ .012), Beverage other than water (OR ¼ 2.1, p < .001), Night meal (OR ¼ 1.9, p ¼ .002), Presence of mutans streptococci (MS) (OR ¼ 1.6, p ¼ .033) and Male gender (OR ¼ 1.5, p ¼ .053). An overall caries risk assessment was more reliable than any single caries risk factor. Conclusions: Caries risk assessment for 1-year-olds in a region with low caries prevalence has limited accuracy to predict dental caries at 6 years of age. Caries risk often changes over time and should be reassessed on a regularly basis. The presence of MS in 1-year-olds did not increase the prognostic accuracy at 6 years of age.

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A systematic review of risk assessment tools for early childhood caries: is there evidence?

Cited by 18 publications

References 25 publications

Risk factors for dental caries in Latin American and Caribbean countries

Risk factors for dental caries in Latin American and Caribbean countries

Conceptualization of dental caries by dental students is related to their preventive oral care routine

Early childhood caries risk assessment in 1-year-olds evaluated at 6-years of age

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