A Systematic Review of Risk and Protective Factors Associated With Nonmedical Use of Prescription Drugs Among Youth in the United States: A Social Ecological Perspective

Nargiso, Jessica E.; Ballard, Erica L.; Skeer, Margie R.

doi:10.15288/jsad.76.1.5

Cited by 27 publications

(55 citation statements)

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“…This is a valuable contribution of the paper, since many scholars (Levine, 2007;Spoth et al, 2008;Hsiao et al, 2009;Cooper, 2013a;Holmstrom et al, 2014;Gualano et al, 2015) have suggested the need for-and positive effects of-OTC medication education among teenagers, in order to prevent misuses and abuses. However, scholars have also pointed out that communication programs involve the analysis of audience demographic and psychological factors for effectively targeting them (Albrecht, 2010;Nargiso, Ballard, & Skeer, 2015) and an effective segmentation, based on attitudes and behaviors, still appears rather under-explored in previous contributions concerning the use of OTC medicines by teenagers.…”

Section: Segmentationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Attitudes Toward and Use of Over-The-Counter Medications among Teenagers: Evidence from an Italian Study

Panero¹,

Persico²

2016

IJMS

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In recent years, the consumption of Over-The-Counter (OTC) drugs has increased. Previous studies have pointed out that the OTC medications are misused and abused by teenagers, who often show poor knowledge of the toxicity of these drugs.The paper aims to analyze the use of OTCs by teenagers and the factors that influence their consumption. This paper is based on quantitative data. A web-based survey was administered to the students of an Italian high school. The questionnaire included queries on the knowledge, attitudes and practices of the students with regard to OTCs. Since teenagers are influenced by their families, their approach to healthcare was also investigated.An exploratory factor analysis was conducted in order to determine the key factors influencing their attitudes toward the use of medications. Finally, a cluster analysis was run in order to identify different behavioral segments.Results show that four factors (tradition, social communication, self-management, and caution) influence the attitudes and behaviors of teenagers toward OTC medicines. The research also highlighted that attitudes toward the use of OTC medicines varied among the respondents, who were grouped into three different clusters: their presence implies the need for targeted educational programs, involving teenagers and their families.

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Section: Segmentationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Attitudes Toward and Use of Over-The-Counter Medications among Teenagers: Evidence from an Italian Study

Panero¹,

Persico²

2016

IJMS

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“…Indeed, as alluded to, some entities maybe licensed to sale legally medicines as in Denmark, South Africa and other countries. Due to the lack of a requirement for these businesses to record the transactions of medicines, a client may go through several grocery shops and procure as many painkillers or sleeping tablets for instance and get enough to use for suicide or to intoxicate their unsuspecting victims [30][31][32][33]90]. The above illustrate the everpresent risk of the handling of small quantities of medicines by non-professionals.…”

Section: Risk Associated With the Trading Of Medicines By Non-licensementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Hence, even children may purchase these products indiscriminately. Other studies have reported underage patients having purchased prohibited substances including medicines and other substances from online, streets and from non-professional traders in Africa, Asia, Europe and elsewhere [90,[93][94][95][96][97].…”

Section: Acute Criminal Poisoningmentioning

confidence: 99%

Risks Associated with International Trading of Medicines by Non-Licensed Entities and Non-Professionals

Malangu¹

2017

International Trade - On the Brink of Change

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The making, distribution and trading of medicines can be traced back as far as antiquity. When talking about trading, sale or dispensing of medicines, it is almost impossible to separate this topic with the profession of pharmacy or pharmacists. Although most countries introduced legislations that put the trading of medicines largely in the hand of licensed businesses and professionals mainly pharmacists, informal and international trading of medicines and related substances has continued to be practiced in almost all countries due to loopholes in legislations among other reasons. This chapter highlights the risks associated with the trading of medicines by unlicensed organisations and non-professionals. These risks include the production and sale of counterfeit medicines, encouraging abuse and misuse of medicines, anti-competitive behaviour and so on. The major indings are that concessions made to allow non-licensed businesses and nonprofessionals to trade in medicines have resulted in several consequences that are threatening the whole world. It is this realisation that has prompted the recommendation that courage from decision makers is required for them to take a stand and hand over back the trading of medicines irmly in the hands of licensed professionals while outlawing loopholes that sustained the trade of medicines by unlicensed entities and non-professionals.Keywords: informal, illegal, trade, medicines, non-licensed, non-professional IntroductionThe making, distribution and trading of medicines can be traced back as far as antiquity. The making, production or manufacturing of medicines, mixtures, admixtures and other dosages forms have been performed over the years by a wide categories of people including lay peo- ple, priests, herbalists, traditional healers, midwives, medical doctors, nurses and pharmacists. As elaborated below, the practice of the art of healing was based on Arab, Egyptian, Greek and Roman texts, particularly those of Hippocrates, Aristotle, Dioscorides, Galen and others. The making of medicines was the domain of monasteries and local healers as medical training was not formalised then. The formal training and development of preparation techniques of medicinal mixtures based on standardised processes of harvesting, drying and distillation led to the abandonment of the old-fashioned herbal preparations practices by lay people who fell out of favour with the professionalization of the healing/medical community. But the distribution, sale as well as the local and international trade of medicines have been performed, in addition, by licensed and non-licensed people and businesses. This paper aims to describe and report on the risks associated with the trading of medicines by non-licensed business entities and non-professionals. In doing so, the paper elaborates on the reasons why international trade is prone to being conducted by unlicensed businesses and non-professionals, as well as on the sources of medicines traded.In order to accomplish the above, the literature search, wit...

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“…While the literature on the topic has grown along with the opioid epidemic, researchers have noted the dearth of longitudinal studies examining factors tied to the non-medical use of prescription drugs, due to a heavy reliance on cross-sectional data [22,23]. As the lifecourse perspective emphasizes, exposures at formative times (e.g., adolescence) can exert significant and enduring influence on health outcomes throughout the lifespan [24][25][26], making longitudinal studies crucial to our understanding of disease patterns.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

School racial composition and lifetime non-medical use of prescription painkillers: Evidence from the national longitudinal study of adolescent to adult health

et al. 2018

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We found evidence of an effect of school racial composition on the risk of misusing prescription painkillers over a decade later, over and above individual race, with higher risk of misuse reported among participants who had attended white schools. Black participants who had attended predominantly white schools were, on average, twice as likely to report lifetime misuse of prescription painkillers compared to blacks who had attended black schools.

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A Systematic Review of Risk and Protective Factors Associated With Nonmedical Use of Prescription Drugs Among Youth in the United States: A Social Ecological Perspective

Cited by 27 publications

References 0 publications

Attitudes Toward and Use of Over-The-Counter Medications among Teenagers: Evidence from an Italian Study

Attitudes Toward and Use of Over-The-Counter Medications among Teenagers: Evidence from an Italian Study

Risks Associated with International Trading of Medicines by Non-Licensed Entities and Non-Professionals

School racial composition and lifetime non-medical use of prescription painkillers: Evidence from the national longitudinal study of adolescent to adult health

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