A systematic review of research on language policy and planning for minority languages in China: what is next?

Wang, Sixuan; Gao, Xuesong

doi:10.1080/01434632.2023.2173211

Cited by 5 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 49 publications

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“…Harmful content -Toxicity. Generating unethical, fraudulent, toxic, violent, pornographic, or other harmful content is a further predominant concern, again focusing notably on LLMs and text-to-image models 25,33,35,53,58,69,[76][77][78][79][80] . Numerous studies highlight the risks associated with the intentional creation of disinformation 35 , fake news 77 , propaganda 80 , or deepfakes 47 , underscoring their significant threat to the integrity of public discourse and the trust in credible media 53,81 .…”

Section: Safetymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Ideally, these evaluations should be conducted by independent third parties68 . In terms of technical LLM or text-to-image model audits, papers furthermore criticize a lack of safety benchmarking for languages other than English76,112 .Sustainability. Generative models are known for their substantial energy requirements, necessitating significant amounts of electricity, cooling water, and hardware containing rare metals57,60,130,138,139 .…”

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confidence: 99%

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Ethical and methodological challenges in building morally informed AI systems

Hagendorff

Danks

2022

AI Ethics

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Recent progress in large language models has led to applications that can (at least) simulate possession of full moral agency due to their capacity to report context-sensitive moral assessments in open-domain conversations. However, automating moral decision-making faces several methodological as well as ethical challenges. They arise in the fields of bias mitigation, missing ground truth for moral “correctness”, effects of bounded ethicality in machines, changes in moral norms over time, risks of using morally informed AI systems as actual advice, as well as societal implications an increasing importance of algorithmic moral decision-making would have. This paper comments on all these challenges and provides critical considerations for future research on full artificial moral agency. Importantly, some of the adduced challenges can be met by more careful technology design, but others necessarily require engagement with core problems of meta-ethics.

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Section: Safetymentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Ethical and methodological challenges in building morally informed AI systems

Hagendorff

Danks

2022

AI Ethics

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show abstract

“…NLP software, such as machine translation software and chatbot, has also been widely used in human life. Similar to AI software, researchers have proposed variance methods to validate the reliability of NLP software on the correctness [18,19,40,44], toxicity [53,54], fairness [47,52,57].…”

Section: Related Work 61 Testing Of Ai Softwarementioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization of Two BAHD Acetyltransferases Highly Expressed in the Flowers of Jasminum sambac (L.) Aiton

Wang

Zhang

Chen

et al. 2021

Plants

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Volatile benzenoid compounds are found in diverse aromatic bouquets emitted by most moth-pollinated flowers. The night-blooming Jasminum sambac is widely cultivated worldwide in the tropics and subtropics for ornamental and industrial purposes owing to its fragrant flowers. Benzylacetate is a characteristic constituent in jasmine scent which makes up to approximately 20–30% of the total emission in the headspace or extract, but the biosynthesis enzymes and the encoding genes have not yet been described. Here, we identify two cytosolic BAHD acyltransferases specifically expressed in the petals with a positive correlation closely to the emission pattern of the volatile benzenoids. Both JsBEAT1 and JsBEAT2 could use benzylalcohol and acetate-CoA as substrates to make benzylacetate in vitro. The recombinant GST-JsBEAT1 has an estimated apparent Km of 447.3 μM for benzylalcohol and 546.0 μM for acetate-CoA, whereas in the instance of the His-JsBEAT2, the Km values are marginally lower, being 278.7 and 317.3 μM, respectively. However, the catalytic reactions by the GST-JsBEAT1 are more efficient than that by the His-JsBEAT2, based on the steady-state kcat parameters. Furthermore, ectopic expression of JsBEAT1 and JsBEAT2 in the transgenic P. hybrida plants, driven by a flower-specific promotor, significantly enhances the biosynthesis of benzylbenzoate and benzylacetate, as well as the total VOCs.

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Diachronic change in the linguistic landscape in the Yi ethnic community in China: an apparent-time study

Nie,

Wang

2024

Journal of Multilingual and Multicultural Development

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A systematic review of research on language policy and planning for minority languages in China: what is next?

Cited by 5 publications

References 49 publications

Ethical and methodological challenges in building morally informed AI systems

Ethical and methodological challenges in building morally informed AI systems

Characterization of Two BAHD Acetyltransferases Highly Expressed in the Flowers of Jasminum sambac (L.) Aiton

Diachronic change in the linguistic landscape in the Yi ethnic community in China: an apparent-time study

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