A systematic review of overall survival in pediatric primary glioblastoma multiforme of the spinal cord

Konar, Subhas; Bir, Shyamal C.; Maiti, Tanmoy; Nanda, Anil

doi:10.3171/2016.8.peds1631

Cited by 33 publications

(35 citation statements)

References 49 publications

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“…Thus, adjuvant radiotherapy and chemotherapy following surgery are necessary in order to improve the outcome of patients with glioma. Nevertheless, the median survival rate of glioblastoma multiforme is only about 10 months [2]. Further studies are currently focusing on the molecular mechanism of tumorigenesis to find out the specific therapeutic targets in glioma.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ras-AKT signaling represses the phosphorylation of histone H1.5 at threonine 10 via GSK3 to promote the progression of glioma

Sang

Sun

Yang

et al. 2019

Artificial Cells, Nanomedicine, and Biotechnology

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ras-AKT signaling represses the phosphorylation of histone H1.5 at threonine 10 via GSK3 to promote the progression of glioma

Sang

Sun

Yang

et al. 2019

Artificial Cells, Nanomedicine, and Biotechnology

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“…Despite a multimodal therapeutic approach including surgery, chemotherapy, and radiation, outcomes for pediatric and adult GBM patients remain poor (2–4). Novel therapeutics could improve outcomes.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Transgenic Expression of IL15 Improves Antiglioma Activity of IL13Rα2-CAR T Cells but Results in Antigen Loss Variants

Krenciute

Prinzing

et al. 2017

Cancer Immunology Research

247

193

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Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most aggressive primary brain tumor in adults and is virtually incurable with conventional therapies. Immunotherapy with T cells expressing GBM-specific chimeric antigen receptors (CAR) is an attractive approach to improve outcomes. Although CAR T cells targeting GBM antigens, such as IL13 receptor subunit α2 (IL13Rα2), HER2, and EGFR variant III (EGFRvIII), have had antitumor activity in preclinical models, early-phase clinical testing has demonstrated limited antiglioma activity. Transgenic expression of IL15 is an appealing strategy to enhance CAR T-cell effector function. We tested this approach in our IL13Rα2-positive glioma model in which limited IL13Rα2-CAR T-cell persistence results in recurrence of antigen-positive gliomas. T cells were genetically modified with retroviral vectors encoding IL13Rα2-CARs or IL15 (IL13Rα2-CAR.IL15 T cells). IL13Rα2-CAR.IL15 T cells recognized glioma cells in an antigen-dependent fashion, had greater proliferative capacity, and produced more cytokines after repeated stimulations in comparison with IL13Rα2-CAR T cells. No autonomous IL13Rα2-CAR. IL15 T-cell proliferation was observed; however, IL15 expression increased IL13Rα2-CAR T-cell viability in the absence of exogenous cytokines or antigen. In vivo, IL13Rα2-CAR.IL15 T cells persisted longer and had greater antiglioma activity than IL13Rα2-CAR T cells, resulting in a survival advantage. Gliomas recurring after 40 days after T-cell injection had downregulated IL13Rα2 expression, indicating that antigen loss variants occur in the setting of improved T-cell persistence. Thus, CAR T cells for GBM should not only be genetically modified to improve their proliferation and persistence, but also to target multiple antigens.

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“…affect younger patients, and the median age at diagnosis in their cohort was 22 years (2). However, the incidence of primary spinal cord glioblastoma multiforme (scGBM) in the pediatric age group is still very rare (22). The most common pattern of progressive disease is local recurrence, and intracranial metastasis of spinal cord gliomas is extremely rare (21).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Intracranial Metastases Originating From Pediatric Primary Spinal Cord Glioblastoma Multiforme: A Case Report and Literature Review

Song

Gao

et al. 2020

Front. Oncol.

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Primary spinal cord glioblastoma multiforme (scGBM) is an uncommon entity in pediatrics, and intracranial metastasis originating in spinal cord gliomas is very rare. A 7-year-old female presented with weakness in the limbs, paralysis of the lower limbs and incontinence. The initial MRI of the spinal cord revealed expansion and abnormal signals from T2 to T5. She was initially diagnosed with Neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders and treated with high-dose glucocorticoid and gamma globulin. Four months later, her symptoms worsened and follow-up imaging showed multiple intracranial mass lesions. We performed a subtotal resection of the right thalamic basal ganglia tumor and gross total resection of the right frontal lobe tumor under microscopic examination. Histopathology revealed scGBM with intracranial metastasis and the molecular pathology diagnosis suggested H3K27M mutant diffuse midline glioma WHO grade IV, which had previously been misdiagnosed as a Neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders. We review the literature of intracranial metastases originating from pediatric primary spinal cord glioblastoma multiforme and summarize possible methods of differentiation, including changes in muscle strength or tone, intramedullary heterogeneously enhancing solitary mass lesions and cord expansion in MRI. Finally, we emphasize that in unexpected radiological changes or disadvantageous response to the treatment, a biopsy to achieve a pathological diagnosis is necessary to discard other diseases, especially neoplasms.

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A systematic review of overall survival in pediatric primary glioblastoma multiforme of the spinal cord

Cited by 33 publications

References 49 publications

Ras-AKT signaling represses the phosphorylation of histone H1.5 at threonine 10 via GSK3 to promote the progression of glioma

Ras-AKT signaling represses the phosphorylation of histone H1.5 at threonine 10 via GSK3 to promote the progression of glioma

Transgenic Expression of IL15 Improves Antiglioma Activity of IL13Rα2-CAR T Cells but Results in Antigen Loss Variants

Intracranial Metastases Originating From Pediatric Primary Spinal Cord Glioblastoma Multiforme: A Case Report and Literature Review

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