A Systematic Review of Oropharyngeal Dysphagia Models in Rodents

Kim, Hanna; Kim, Ji-Youn

doi:10.3390/ijerph18094987

Cited by 4 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 69 publications

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“…An animal model is needed to evaluate the treatments for oropharyngeal RAD. Multiple animal models of oropharyngeal dysphagia have been developed [ 19 ], although few models of RAD are available [ 20 – 22 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Swallowing-related muscle inflammation and fibrosis induced by a single dose of radiation exposure in mice

Soejima,

Wu,

Matsuse

et al. 2024

Lab Anim Res

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Background Although radiotherapy is commonly used to treat head and neck cancer, it may lead to radiation-associated dysphagia (RAD). There are various causes of RAD, however, the mechanism has not yet been fully identified. Currently, the only effective treatment for RAD is rehabilitation. Additionally, there are few available animal models of RAD, necessitating the development of new models to establish and evaluate RAD treatments. We hypothesize that radiation-induced neck muscle fibrosis could be one of the causes of RAD due to impairment of laryngeal elevation. Therefore, in this study, we focused on the changes in inflammation and fibrosis of the strap muscles (Sternohyoid, Sternothyroid, and Thyrohyoid muscles) after a single-dose irradiation. This research aims to provide a reference animal model for future studies on RAD. Results Compared to control mice, those treated with 72-Gy, but not 24-Gy, irradiation had significantly increased tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) (p < 0.01) and α-smooth muscle actin (αSMA) (p < 0.05) expression at 10 days and significantly increased expression levels of motif chemokine ligand-2 (CCL2), α-SMA, tumor growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1), type1 collagen, and interleukin-1β (IL-1β) (p < 0.05) in the muscles at 1 month by real-time PCR analysis. The results of immunohistochemistry showed that the deposition of type 1 collagen gradually increased in extracellular space after radiation exposure, and the positive area was significantly increased at 3 months compared to non-irradiated control. Conclusions A single dose of 72-Gy irradiation induced significant inflammation and fibrosis in the strap muscles of mice at 1 month, with immunohistochemical changes becoming evident at 3 months. This cervical irradiation-induced fibrosis model holds potential for establishing an animal model for RAD in future studies. Level of evidence N/A.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Swallowing-related muscle inflammation and fibrosis induced by a single dose of radiation exposure in mice

Soejima,

Wu,

Matsuse

et al. 2024

Lab Anim Res

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“…The use of human subjects in early studies focused on mechanisms and hypothesis building may not be as fruitful due to variability in access, safety, or other barriers encountered in human subjects research. Murine models offer excellent potential for studying a large array of genetic disorders, developmental differences, aging, and disease processes [98].…”

Section: Knowledge Gaps and Future Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bioenergetic Evaluation of Muscle Fatigue in Murine Tongue

et al. 2022

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Muscle fatigue is the diminution of force required for a particular action over time. Fatigue may be particularly pronounced in aging muscles, including those used for swallowing actions. Because risk for swallowing impairment (dysphagia) increases with aging, the contribution of muscle fatigue to age-related dysphagia is an emerging area of interest. The use of animal models, such as mice and rats (murine models) allows experimental paradigms for studying the relationship between muscle fatigue and swallowing function with a high degree of biological precision that is not possible in human studies. The goal of this article is to review basic experimental approaches to the study of murine tongue muscle fatigue related to dysphagia. Traditionally, murine muscle fatigue has been studied in limb muscles through direct muscle stimulation and behavioral exercise paradigms. As such, physiological and bioenergetic markers of muscle fatigue that have been validated in limb muscles may be applicable in studies of cranial muscle fatigue with appropriate modifications to account for differences in muscle architecture, innervation ratio, and skeletal support. Murine exercise paradigms may be used to elicit acute fatigue in tongue muscles, thereby enabling study of putative muscular adaptations. Using these approaches, hypotheses can be developed and tested in mice and rats to allow for future focused studies in human subjects geared toward developing and optimizing treatments for age-related dysphagia.

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