A Systematic Review of Normative Data for Verbal Fluency Test in Different Languages

Villalobos, Dolores; Torres-Simón, Lucía; Pacios, Javier; Paúl, Nuria; Río, David del

doi:10.1007/s11065-022-09549-0

Cited by 14 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 158 publications

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“…VF in a healthy group of schoolchildren was associated only with school grades in the Russian language, while performance in such subjects as literature, biology, and math had no significant statistical influence. Similar studies for English-speaking participants show correlation of VF not only with grades in English but also with grades in math [31]. The differences between these results may be related to the peculiarities of the Russian language, as structures of Russian and English languages are very different.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 66%

Phonological Verbal Fluency Test for Russian-Speaking Children

Mironets

Deviaterikova

Glebova

et al. 2023

Folia Phoniatr Logop

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Objective: Verbal fluency tasks are mainly used for assessment verbal fluency and have proven useful for differential diagnosis. The first objective of the study was to provide normative data on phonemic verbal fluency (for letters "П" [p], "O" [o], "C" [s]) in children population. The second objective of the study was to establish diagnostic validity of the present task and to collect normative data on participants who survived posterior fossa tumor (PFT) and participants with treated hemoblastosis. Method: For diagnostics, we used verbal fluency test. The normative sample consisted of 746 participants aged 7-16 years. A linear multiple regression analysis was implemented for each dependent variable with age, gender, disease for all participants and academic achievement as predictors in normative sample. The performance of 746 healthy participants was compared to the performance of 118 participants who survived PFT and 492 participants who survived hemoblastosis using One Way ANOVA analysis. Results: Healthy children have better verbal fluency than their peers who survived cancer. In the group of healthy children we assessed the relationship between verbal fluency and school performance. A significant correlation with the “Russian language” subject (r=.127; p<.001) emerged In all three groups of children, age and gender turned out to be a significant factor that affected the characteristics of verbal fluency. Conclusion: Our data will contribute to increasing the accuracy of verbal fluency deficits detection in Russian speakers and will be useful for differential diagnosis of cognitive impairment for children who have survived oncological diseases of various genesis.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 66%

Phonological Verbal Fluency Test for Russian-Speaking Children

Mironets

Deviaterikova

Glebova

et al. 2023

Folia Phoniatr Logop

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“…It is also easily administered and straight forward to score, requiring no lengthy training for standardized administration. An individual's performance on phonemic fluency depends on their stored knowledge, their ability to phonologically search and retrieve relevant information based on that knowledge, and their capacity to maintain selective attention in a sustained manner throughout the task duration [2,25]. While lower performance on phonemic fluency does not necessarily indicate specific neurological conditions, they can be used as a sensitive marker for detecting cognitive impairment [35,36].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The testing process engages not only attention regulation and working memory, but also the implementation of strategies for producing word exemplars, monitoring previously produced words, and inhibiting repetitions. It therefore provides a wealth of information regarding an individual's cognitive processes such as language retrieval, cognitive flexibility, and executive functioning [25][26][27].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Normative Data for Single-Letter Controlled Oral Word Association Test in Older White Australians and Americans, African-Americans, and Hispanic/Latinos

Zhou,

Britt,

Woods

et al. 2023

ADR

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Background: The Controlled Oral Word Association Test (COWAT) is a commonly used measure of verbal fluency. While a normal decline in verbal fluency occurs in late adulthood, significant impairments may indicate brain injury or diseases such as Alzheimer’s disease. Normative data is essential to identify when test performance falls below expected levels based on age, gender, and education level. Objective: This study aimed to establish normative performance data on single-letter COWAT for older community-dwelling adults. Methods: Over 19,000 healthy men and women, without a diagnosis of dementia or a Modified Mini-Mental State Examination score below 77/100, were recruited for the ASPREE trial. Neuropsychological assessments, including the COWAT with letter F, were administered at study entry. Results: Median participant age was 75 years (range 65–98), with 56.5% being women. The majority of participants had 9–11 years of education in Australia and over 12 years in the U.S. The COWAT performance varied across ethno-racial groups and normative data were thus presented separately for 16,335 white Australians, 1,084 white Americans, 896 African-Americans, and 316 Hispanic/Latinos. Women generally outperformed men in the COWAT, except for Hispanic/Latinos. Higher education levels consistently correlated with better COWAT performance across all groups, while the negative association with age was weaker. Conclusions: This study provides comprehensive normative data for the COWAT stratified by ethno-racial groups in Australia and the U.S., considering age, gender, and education level. These norms can serve as reference standards for screening cognitive impairments in older adults in both clinical and research settings.

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“…Verbal fluency reflects the ability to spontaneously produce words under restricted search conditions [ 6 ], which includes three types, namely, letter fluency, semantic/categorical fluency, and motor/action fluency [ 7 , 8 ]. Verbal fluency has been widely measured to assess cognitive function and language content after nervous system impairment [ 9 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Verbal fluency has been widely measured to assess cognitive function and language content after nervous system impairment [ 9 ]. More specifically, letter fluency tests request subjects to produce words in mind with a restricted initial letter (such as “F”, “A”, “S”, and so on) [ 6 ], semantic fluency tests request subjects to produce words (nouns) in mind with a restricted category (such as animals, vegetables, fruits, and so on) [ 6 ], while motor fluency tests requests subjects to produce words (verbs) in mind [ 6 ]. All three types of tests request the subjects to speak out the words that they produce in mind but do not request the subjects to pronounce them clearly.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Anti-Parkinsonian Drugs on Verbal Fluency in Patients with Parkinson’s Disease: A Network Meta-Analysis

Zhu¹,

Li²,

Lai³

et al. 2022

Brain Sciences

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Verbal fluency impairment is common in patients with Parkinson’s disease (PD), but the effect of drugs on verbal fluency in PD patients has not been comprehensively evaluated. We conducted a network meta-analysis based on four online databases to compare the effect of drugs on verbal fluency in PD patients. This study was performed and reported according to PRISMA-NMA guidelines. In total, 6 out of 3707 articles (three RCTS and three cross-sectional studies) covering eight drug regimens were included (five for letter fluency, five for semantic fluency). In terms of letter fluency, the ranking of the overall efficacy of included drug regimens was: levodopa, levodopa combined with pramipexole, rotigotine, cabergoline, pramipexole, pergolide, but no drug regimen presented a significant advantage over the others. In terms of semantic fluency, the ranking of the overall efficacy of included drug regimens was: rotigotine, levodopa, cabergoline, pergolide, pramipexole, among which, levodopa alone (SMD = 0.93, 95%CI: 0.28–1.59) and rotigotine alone (SMD = 1.18, 95%CI: 0.28–2.09) were statistically superior to pramipexole, while no significant difference was identified between all the other drug regimens. Levodopa and rotigotine seem to be more appropriate choices for PD patients with verbal fluency impairment. Further study is needed to illustrate the efficacy of drugs on verbal fluency in PD patients.

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A Systematic Review of Normative Data for Verbal Fluency Test in Different Languages

Cited by 14 publications

References 158 publications

Phonological Verbal Fluency Test for Russian-Speaking Children

Phonological Verbal Fluency Test for Russian-Speaking Children

Normative Data for Single-Letter Controlled Oral Word Association Test in Older White Australians and Americans, African-Americans, and Hispanic/Latinos

Effects of Anti-Parkinsonian Drugs on Verbal Fluency in Patients with Parkinson’s Disease: A Network Meta-Analysis

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