A Systematic Review of Multiple Family Factors Associated with Oppositional Defiant Disorder

Abstract

Oppositional Defiant Disorder (ODD) is characterized by a recurrent pattern of angry/irritable emotional lability, argumentative/defiant behavior, and vindictiveness. Previous studies indicated that ODD typically might originate within a maladaptive family environment, or was at least maintained within such an environment. As such, the present review summarized pertinent research from the last 20 years that focused on the pathways connecting family risk factors to the development of child ODD symptoms. A systematic search of electronic databases was completed in August 2020, resulting in the inclusion of 62 studies in the review. The review established a multi-level framework to describe the mechanisms underlying the pathway from familial factors to ODD psychopathological symptoms: (a) the system level that is affected by the family’s socioeconomic status and family dysfunction; (b) the dyadic level that is affected by conflict within the marital dyad and parent–child interactions; and (c) the individual level that is affected by parent and child factors. Additionally, from the perspective of family systems theory, we pay special attention to the interactions among and between the various levels of the pathway (moderation and mediation) that might be associated with the occurrence and severity of ODD symptoms. Considering future prevention and intervention efforts, this three-level model emphasizes the necessity of focusing on familial risk factors at multiple levels and the mechanisms underlying the proposed pathways.

Causal Effect of Parent-Child Relationship on Oppositional Defiant Disorder Symptoms Based on Machine Learning Approach

“…Previous research has suggested that there may be a causal link between PCR and ODD symptoms [11]. However, the causal inference based on SEM or RCT-based intervention studies is quite limited.…”

“…The baseline ODD and FACES were the most two important and used as the root node and secondary node respectively in the representative tree. The multilevel family model has proposed that factors at the entire family level play a basic supporting function in the family system, and are distal factors to affect ODD symptoms indirectly via more proximal factors, such as PCR and child emotion regulation [11]. When ODD children have more emotional and behavioral problems, there are more likely to be con icts with their parents [4].…”

“…Socioeconomic status is a comprehensive evaluation of the family's economic income and social status, and the family monthly income is a representative indicator. Family function refers to the interaction of physical, emotional and psychological activities among all family members and is composed of family cohesion and adaptability [11]. Considering the family as a complete unit and system, factors at the entire family level have proved to be closely related to the children's destructive behavior, including the ODD [12][13][14][15].…”

“…Both the cognitive and emotion factors in parents or children have proven to be strong predictors of child emotional and behavioral problems [18][19][20]. The multilevel family model has proposed factors at the individual level are the most proximal factors to linking ODD symptoms [11].…”

Vicious cycle of emotion regulation and ODD symptoms among Chinese school-age children with ODD: a random intercept cross-lagged panel model

“…Considering the high prevalence of ODD and its long-term adverse consequences, it is essential to study the development of ODD among school-age children, as well as its precursors and consequences. Among the many factors related to ODD symptoms, it has been suggested children’s emotion regulation is critical [ 8 , 9 ]. However, recent theorists have proposed that emotion regulation is a dynamic process, and the intraindividual dynamics of emotion regulation is different among individuals, while there is also a two-way interaction between emotion regulation and behavior [ 10 ].…”